Przeglądaj wg Autor "Neja, Wojciech"

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  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Behaviour of calves
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Neja, Wojciech; Jankowska, Małgorzata; Bogucki, Mariusz; Krężel-Czopek, Sylwia; Zielińska, Sylwia; Ozkaya, Serkan; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
    The activity of calves depends mainly on the way they are housed and not on their age. Because compromised welfare early in life may affect the profitability of future production, calves need to be fed colostrum after birth because their digestive tract is not physiologically active. Calves nurse their dams 7 times per day on average (for up to 70 minutes in total). Weaned calves are generally fed twice per day. Calves have the strongest sucking need between 4 and 5 weeks of age. Several-day-old calves that are housed in separate pens and artificially fed, spend around one-fifth of the day foraging or eating. Cattle have well-developed sense organs. The animals use their senses for foraging, spatial orientation, and social contacts. Cattle normally walk, and trot when frightened. Young calves often indulge in galloping, kicking with hind legs. During disease, the behaviour of calves considerably differs from normal. They respond differently to the environment, their appetite decreases, with changes in thirst, and sometimes in external appearance. Inadequate welfare levels lead to abnormal forms of behaviour, which are reflected in problems adapting to the environment (Kokocińska and Kaleta 2016).
  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Milk Products
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Neja, Wojciech; Bogucki, Mariusz; Ziółkowska, Joanna A.; Jankowska, Małgorzata; Krężel-Czopek, Sylwia; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland
    Probiotics and prebiotics found in milk products can have many beneficial health- promoting effects. Probiotics are live organisms added to the diet and their consumption confers a positive effect on the host by improving the intestinal microflora balance. The health benefits of probiotics for the gastrointestinal tract include restoring normal intestinal microflora, preventing carcinogenesis and cancers from developing, and reducing lactose intolerance. Prebiotics are compounds that pass undigested by the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and have the ability to stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria. Prebiotics improve intestinal function, exhibit antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects, and influence nutrient bioavailability. Products that contain probiotics and prebiotics are classified as functional foods, dietary supplements, or medicines.