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    Changes in udder skin surface temperature of dairy cows caused by machine milking
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Soroko, Maria; Zaborski, Daniel; Grzesiak, Wilhelm; Parafiniuk, Mirosław; Modrzejewski, Andrzej; Department of Horse Breeding and Equestrian Studies, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Forensic Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin; Laboratory of Surgical and Emergency Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin
    The aim of the present study was to indicate if machine milking significantly affects udder skin surface temperature (SST) to establish the most optimum time for SST measurement in mastitis detection. A total of 21 healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- White cows were used in the study. The thermograms were recorded from the rear and bottom of the udders in a milking parlour before and after milking in the same cows. Two geometric tools (circles and squares) available in a computer program were used to measure an average SST, its minimum, maximum and standard deviation. The mean value of the average temperature of circles was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.48oC and 36.61oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively) than after it (36.24oC and 36.09oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively). Also, the mean temperature of squares for the left hind quarter was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.58oC) than after it (35.88oC). There was only one significant difference (P ≤0.05) in the temperature (circles) between the left and right hind quarters (the range of the temperature after milking). Consequently, temperature measurement performed for potential mastitis detection should always be made at the same moment, as milking significantly affects skin surface temperature of the udder.