Książki / Rozdziały (WTMiT)

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https://oa.zut.edu.pl/handle/20.500.12539/87

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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Wybrane problemy kształtowania bezpieczeństwa pożarowego siłowni okrętowej
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Krystosik-Gromadzińska, Agata; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    The fire safety of a ship’s engine room depends on the occurrence of the damages, breakdowns (primarily fuel installations) or disastrous events during the ship’s operation, the effectiveness of the passive protection, the detection and fire-extinguishing installations, but also the risk of an operator’s error. A holistic approach to the problem, conducting research on the system meant as a technical object and a human, allows to give the full description of the threats and their effects as well as indicating the best methods for the prevention of fires and limiting their spread under given circumstances. In the engine room, the most common cause of fires, which is characterised by high dynamics and high gas temperatures, is the ignition of fuel on a hot surface. As a result of conducted analyses it is shown that mistakes made by the ship’s crews are the main reason for occurrence of any adverse events, including fires. Striving to reduce their number, activities are implemented to build a culture of safety and to improve working and resting conditions. The workplaces are subject to ergonomic diagnoses to reduce physical and mental overload of crews. Training courses are also conducted both in the marine and land conditions using simulators. Security management systems are implemented, modified and supported by modular algorithms. In order to increase the level of fire safety the measures are to identify risk objects, including the use of thermal imaging cameras built into smartphones, used to detect surfaces radiating temperature, which gives the possibility of quick control, also in difficult places available. Fire scenarios are being developed preceded by qualitative and quantitative identification of risk factors (Ishikawa diagrams, event trees, algorithms, risk indexes, etc.), which allows systemising the causes of fires and predicting their course. Modelling fires with a mathematical description and the use of computer models (such as Pyrosim and SmokeView) allows to determine the dynamics of their development and provide data used to choose methods of fire protection. The determination of fire risk and modelling of the phenomenon contributes not only to increasing the level of safety of the engine room but also to the development of research in respect of new solutions of fire partitions and insulation and the extinguishing agents as well as the use of dislocation as a method of fire protection.