FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2022
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Pozycja Open Access Analysis and Comparison of Meat Performance Parameters in Polish and French Limousine Bulls(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Wiśniewski, Konrad; Kuczyńska, Beata; Przysucha, Tomasz; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland. 2. Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Beef Cattle, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, PolandThe study covered bulls of the Limousine meat breed, whose parents were of Polish and French origin, kept on farms in Poland. This study aimed to assess whether individuals of Polish origin cover their genetic potential compared to bulls of French origin. These studies were carried out under the program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education "Implementation Doctorate" DWD3 / 53/2019 in cooperation with the Polish Association of Beef Cattle Breeders and Producers in 2019-2022. The research material consisted of 925 bulls, 447 by French father and 478 by Polish father. Among breeders of Polish origin, special attention was paid to the fact that parents of French origin did not appear in the pedigrees in the previous two generations. The following factors were taken into account in the comparative analysis: the country of origin of the bull's father, the country of origin of the bull's mother, body weight after calving (kg), body weight at 210 and 420 days of life (kg) and gains (g) in this period, standardized weight in 210 and 420 days (kg), as well as the height at withers (cm), chest circumference (cm), ultrasound measurement of the longest back muscle (cm3), muscle index, development index, collective evaluation index, calibre, muscle and bone share, functional features and state. The individual calendar months were taken into account as the calving period. Statistical analysis was performed by multivariate ANOVA using SPSS.23 software. A significant influence of the father's origin on the vital parameters of bulls was shown. After the birth of a Polish father, the mean body weight of bulls was 39.08 kg and was lower by 0.95 kg (p ≥ 0.01) than males of French origin. Bodyweight, daily gains, standardized body weight in the 210th and 420th day of life, height at the withers, chest circumference, ultrasound measurement of the longest back muscle, meatiness index, development index, and aggregate evaluation index spoke in favour of bulls of French origin. However, there were no significant differences in maternal origin, size, muscle and bone proportion, functional components, and condition.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of Polymorphism in the NUCB2 Gene and the Milk Production Traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Szalast, Daria K.; Kowalewska, Inga; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to analyze the single nucleotide substitution polymorphism (SNP) located in exon 9 (1079 G>T, rs471862956) of the gene encoding nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) in relation to milk production traits such as milk, protein and fat yield and protein and fat content in milk. The research was carried out in a herd of Polish Holstein-Friesian black and white cattle, and genotyping of individual animals was carried out using PCR-RFLP. The most common genotype is the heterozygous genotype (0.53), and the more frequent allele is the T allele (0.52). The analysis of the obtained results showed that there are statistically significant relationships at the level of P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01 between individual genotypes of the polymorphism studied and the considered milk performance characteristics. It was observed that individuals with the TT homozygous genotype were characterized by the highest values of such traits as: milk yield as well as fat and protein yield. However, in the case of animals of the homozygous GG genotype, it was observed that the milk obtained from them was characterized by the highest fat and protein content.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of Production and Reproduction Indicator of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cattle Oin Three Consecutive Lactations.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Stefaniak, Wiktoria P.; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Kowalewska-Łuczak, Inga; Kostiuk, Volodymir; Melnyk, Oleg; Mylostyvyi, Roman; Wrzecińska, Marcjanna; Kossakowski, Kamil; Student Scientific Association of Breeders of Ruminant Animals “TAURUS” at the Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Student Students Scientific Association of Animal Geneticists, Department of Genetics and General Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Poland; National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Technology Processing of Livestock Products, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław, PolandThe aim of the research was to determine the productivity and reproduction indices of the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White variety cows in three consecutive lactations. The research was carried out in the Experimental Station of the National Research Institute Kołbacz on the Dębina farm. The herd of 1025 cows were kept in free-stall barns and fed with TMR system. The yield (kg) of milk, FCM milk, protein and fat was analyzed; content (%) of protein and fat and selected reproductive parameters such as age at the first calving, as well as inter-pregnancy periods and calving interval, pe riod service, postpartum downtime in three consecutive 305-day lactations. The studies indicated that the average yield of milk, fat and protein showed an increasing tendency in the next three lactations. The average protein and fat content were similar. The highest results of these ingredients were ob tained in cows in the second lactation. Lactation efficiency influenced the value of the analyzed fertility indices. With the increase in cows’ productivity, the calving interval and inter-pregnancy period, includ ing period service and postpartum downtime, were significantly longer. The longest calving interval and inter-pregnancy period were observed in the third lactation, and the shortest in the first lactation of cows. With the extended of the calving period, the yield of milk, protein, and fat increased. The age at the first calving was the lowest in the 2nd and the highest in the 3rd lactation. The cows calving first for the first time had the highest milk fat content and the shortest calving period. The service period was the longest in the 2nd lactation and occurred in cows with the highest fat content. Postpartum downtime in the studied herd of cows was the longest in the third lactation. The resting period was extended with the increase in the yield of: milk, FCM milk, protein and fat.Pozycja Open Access Assessment of Breeding and Milking Performance of Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows (HO) and Crosses with the Norwegian Red Breed (HO × NR)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pytelwski, Jarosław; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of this study was to compare breeding performance traits (in heifers) and milking performance (primiparous cows) of the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White breed (HO) with those of the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White × Norwegian Red (HO × NR) F1 crosses kept under uniform environmental conditions. More advantageous breeding parameters and higher daily milk yields as well as lower daily contents of fat, protein, casein and dry matter and lower somatic cell counts in milk were recorded for F1 crosses (HO × NR) compared to purebred HO cows. In view of milk yield per lactation, greater contents of milk, fat and protein as well as lower concentrations of fat and dry matter in milk during the first 100 days in milk were found for crossbred primiparous cows. In turn, in the standard 305-day lactation milk coming from HO cows contained higher levels of protein and dry matter. In order to confirm the results obtained in this study it is advisable to con duct further investigations on a larger population of cows of both genotypes, including assessment of their functional and production traits over their productive lives.Pozycja Open Access Characteristics of Reproduction Traits in Cows with Record Lifetime Milk Yields(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of this study was to characterise basic reproduction indexes and to investigate the effect of selected factors on values of analysed fertility parameters in cows (100 head) with record lifetime milk yields. The experiments were conducted on Polish Holstein-Friesian Black- -and-White cattle. Cows with lifetime milk yields of min. 100 thousand kg milk were considered record holders. Animals were selected at random from herds covered by performance testing in the Poznań testing region in the years 2003–2016. It was shown that analysed cows with record lifetime milk yields exhibited slightly reduced fertility. The animals had the preferred mean age at first calving and adequate average length of pregnancy. Relatively high numbers of semen doses required for successful insemination resulted in an extended length of calving interval, interpregnancy period and artificial mating service.In the management of dairy cow herds focusing on high lifetime productivity and fertility traits it is recommended to control reproduction so that calvings take place in winter and cows calve for the first time at the age of maximum 27 months.Pozycja Open Access Chemical therats in agriculture(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pilarczyk, Maria; Konodyba-Rorat, Bogna; Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland; Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, PolandFarm work is highly diverse and can be intense during growing seasons. It involves machinery and tools, close contact with animals and changing environmental conditions. Farmers face many dangers as part of their everyday duties, among them being chemical hazards such as pesticides, fuels and lubricants, mineral fertilizers and disinfectants. This risk is followed by dust generated when growing plants, feeding animals and cleaning the farm. Mineral fertilizers should be applied in a way that is safe for the health of humans, animals and the environment. Work related to the application of fertilizers may be performed only by healthy adults after appropriate training: any sick workers require medical certification before working with mineral fertilizers. In all cases, direct contact with the skin and eyes should be avoided, and mineral fertilizers, especially dusty ones, should only be spread on windless days. Pesticides are among the most harmful compounds to which farmers are exposed. The user is at risk during their use, as well as while they are stored in a warehouse when disposing of residues and empty packaging. A thorough knowledge of risk factors significantly increases work safety in agriculture.Pozycja Open Access Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the Domestic Dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris) – in Silico Analysis of Selected Genes(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Wilim, Daria; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Shuvar, Ivan; Scientific Association of Experimental and Laboratory Animals, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, Poland; Scientific Association of Experimental and Laboratory Animals, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, Poland; Lviv National Agrarian University, Dublyany, Lviv, UkraineDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive loss of contractility of the heart muscle as the disease progresses. It causes a decrease in the heart’s minute capacity, i.e. the volume of blood pumped by the heart into the blood vessels in one minute. DCM leads to congestive heart failure and sudden death. The aim of this study was to identify in silico genes within which mutations have occurred that may cause DCM in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), to identify dog breeds at risk, and to propose breed-specific diagnostic molecular tests. For bioinformatic analyses of sequences re trieved from GenBank (NC_006587.3 – FGGY, NC_006583.3 – DCC and CM023383.1 – PDE3B) and from scientific publications (PDK4 – from patent publication number US 2011/0307965 A1 and STRN – Meurs et al. 2010), the following programs were used: Primer3 v. 0.4.0, NEBcutter v. 2.0 and BLAST. Based on literature data, domestic dog breeds such as Doberman Pinscher, Boxer, Portuguese Water Dog, Newfoundland, Irish Wolfhound and Great Dane were found to be among the breeds with the highest risk of DCM. In order to identify relevant mutations in the genes studied (FGGY, DCC, PDE3B, PDK4 and STRN) that may cause the occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy, the use of specific restriction enzymes has been proposed in molecular diagnostic tests: BmiI for mutations in the PDK4 gene and Tth111I for SNPs in the FGGY gene (Doberman Pinscher) and TaqI for SNPs in the DCC gene and HinfI for SNPs in the PDE3B gene (Irish Wolfhound). This work, may serve as a prelude to analysis for targeted genetic testing to enable correct diagnosis of DCM in asymptomatic dogs.Pozycja Open Access Dog’s Behaviour in a Veterinary Office(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Rudnik, Karolina; Królaczyk, Katarzyna; Gościewska, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal HusbandryWest Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal HusbandryWest Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandA dog, just like a human, has the ability to feel many emotions directly related to a given situation. Out of all the emotions a dog experiences, fear is the one that causes unpredictable behaviour. The undisputed source of stress for a dog may be a visit to a veterinary office and related medical procedures, separation from the owner, but also pheromones left by other animals. The aim of this study was to determine the dog’s stress level in a veterinary office depending on its age. The material was collected by an electronic survey in February 2021 among 381 dog owners. The analysis of the results concerning the dog’s behaviour was carried out according to the age groups of dogs and the five-point scale of answers. In the second part of the study, the occurrence of certain dog behaviours was checked depending on the owner’s stress level. The final stage of the research was the use of selected music as a factor reducing stress in dogs and observation of their behaviour (in January and February 2022). The most common stress behaviours reported by the owners were: lowered body posture, tail tuck, retracted ears, and trying to escape, nose licking. Our own research proved that the calmer the owner is, the lower the frequency of stress reactions in the dog. It was found that dogs exposed to calming music while waiting in the waiting room for an appointment showed fewer stress reactions than dogs waiting in the waiting room without music.Pozycja Open Access The Effect of Selected Factors on Milking Rate in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-And-White Cows.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of selected physiological factors (age, lactation stage and daily milk yield) on milking rate by Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows. The duration of morning, evening and diurnal milking was determined. Milking rate of cows was char acterized based on the mean actual and corrected milk yield per 1 minute of milking. Statistical analy sis showed a lack of any dependence between the age group of cows and milking duration as well as mean actual and corrected milk yields in the minute of milking. Milking time decreased with progress in lactation. In terms of the mean milk yield the lowest value of this parameter was recorded for cows being in their first stage of lactation (≤ day 40). Cows with greater daily milk yields compared to those producing less milk were characterized by longer milking times and greater mean actual and corrected milk yields in the minute of milking. Milking rate of cows is a functional trait of considerable importance in the economics of raw milk production. The selection towards of an increase in milk yield, may have a positive effect on milking rate in cows.Pozycja Open Access Handling of Stray Dogs in the Polish Lands From the 19th To the 21 St Century With Conside Ration of Irregularities in This Area(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Hanusz, Ewa; Skibniewska, Ewa M.; Skibniewski, Michał; District Veterinary Inspectorate, Kłodzka 12, 57-500 Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Poland; Departament of Biology of Animal Environment, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Departament of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, PolandDomestic animal homelessness is a long-known and ever-present phenomenon in Poland. Left unattended, animals pose a threat to people, their farms, public order and epidemiological safety. “The problem” was attempted to solve as early as the 19th century. Although the main purpose behind catching stray dogs was the need to remove them from public space, attention was drawn already in distant times to issues related to improper and brutal handling during the catching, transporting, keep- ing and killing of unwanted pets. Nowadays, animals entering shelters can no longer be killed, but the problem of their homelessness is still present and has not been effectively resolved over the years. Changes in the political system and regulations have not guaranteed that they are properly protected and cared for in shelters, as there are still cases of inhumane treatment of animals in these facilities. There have also been no effective solutions to significantly reduce the scale of the phenomenon of dog abandonment in Poland. The lack of an obligation to sterilize mixed-breed individuals means that there are a lot of them, so that any person can come into possession of a dog without any difficulty, which, combined with the lack of mandatory, permanent and enabling owner identification marking, means that there are still tens of thousands of stray dogs in Poland, and responsibility for their abandonment can easily be avoided. The aim of the study is to showcase changes in the treatment of stray animals that occured during the last century.Pozycja Open Access Influence of the Genotype and Gender of Young Beef Cattle on the Value of Carcasses Purchased by one of the Polish Meat Processing Plants(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Salamończyk, Ewa; Grzeszek, Kamil; Guliński, Piotr; Wrzecińska, Marcjanna; ; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Poland; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Poland; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Poland; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Department of Ruminant Science, PolandThe quality of beef is determined, among others, by factors such as breed, age and sex of slaughtered animals and fattening intensity. The aim of the study was to assess carcass quality of young cattle purchased by a selected domestic meat processing plant. The study included a group of 300 bulls and 300 heifers with selected genotypes (Limousine breed; crossbreds – Charolaise, Limousine, Simental × Polish Holstein-Friesian; Polish Holstein-The quality of beef is determined, among others, by factors such as breed, age and sex of slaughtered animals and fattening intensity. The aim of the study was to assess carcass quality of young cattle purchased by a selected domestic meat processing plant. The study included a group of 300 bulls and 300 heifers with selected genotypes (Limousine breed; crossbreds – Charolaise, Limousine, Simental × Polish Holstein-Friesian; Polish Holstein-Friesian breed). The following were determined for each animal: body weight before slaughter (kg), hot carcass weight (kg), hot carcass quality index (%), carcass conformation class and carcass fatness class according to the EUROP system. The mean body weight of slaughtered animals was found to be 650 kg. Carcass yield of the assessed young cattle was on average 54%. Carcasses of bulls (non-castrated males) were on average 90 kg heavier and had 3 pp. higher carcass yield than carcasses of uncalved females (P < 0.05). The conformation classes of the EUROP system showed that almost 48% of the carcasses of young Limousine bulls reached the highest classes, i.e. E− and U. Limousine bulls (57.2%) had the highest carcass yield among the determined genotypic groups. The desired lowest degree of fatness was found in carcasses of bulls of all genotypes (an average of 2.9 points).Pozycja Open Access Initial Observations on Preventive Measures in Herds of Dairy Cows of Conserved and Highly Productive Breeds(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Kępka, Katarzyna; Wójcik, Ewa; Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandCattle of conserved breeds are more resistant, healthier, and more adaptable to unfavour- able environmental conditions, with less rigid feed requirements. In contrast, cattle of highly productive breeds are more sensitive to deviations in environmental conditions and therefore are assumed to require a wider range of preventive actions. The aim of the study was to present the differences and similarities in the use of preventive measures in herds of cattle of conserved and high-yielding breeds. The data for the study were collected by means of an Internet survey. A total of 150 responses from dairy cattle farmers were obtained, from four producer groups. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by the chi-squared test. It was concluded from the responses that farmers raising high-yielding breeds more often make use of prophylactic tools such as regular veterinary and zootechnical checks, microclimate measurements, TMR and PMR feeding systems, balancing of feed rations, feed quality testing (especially haylage and maize silage), and use value assessment. However, high-yielding cows had access to pasture much less often than cattle of breeds included in a genetic resources conservation programme. Breeding progress is important in the development of a breeding farm, and therefore farmers should be aware of the value of genetic and cytogenetic testing as additional tools broadening the range of preventive measures that could improve the genetic pool in the dairy cattle population in Poland.Pozycja Open Access Monitoring Proposal of The Species Aporia Crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Kowalska, Milena; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, PolandThe Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) is a large butterfly of the Pieridae family. Its range extends from northwest Africa in the west to the Transcaucasia and across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan in the east. In the south, it occurs in Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon and Syria, while it is not found in northern Scandinavia and is extinct in the British Isles. Although it is a fairly widespread species, its biology and population size are still poorly understood. In Poland, a decrease in its number was observed. Due to the lack of developed monitoring methods for the Aporia crataegi, the paper proposes an example of how to conduct such research. The main goal is to estimate the size of the species population and to assess the quality of the habitats it occupies. The research methodology is based on the counting of caterpillar nests on the designated transects and on the assessment of the quality of the habitat according to the indicated indicators. Such studies can provide valuable data on the species habitat requirements, as well as information on potential threats affecting the population, which could be used to implement appropriate conservation methods.Pozycja Open Access Occupational Health and Safety When Handling Farm Animals(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pilarczyk, Maria; Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, PolandIn 2021, 12,088 accidents involving animals were reported to the Regional Branches and Local Units of KRUS in Poland: 10.2% more than in 2020. The most common causes of such acci- dents are poor housing conditions and a lack of knowledge about how to handle them, the latter of which is exacerbated by high employee turnover and a lack of adequate training. Employee training should cover animal welfare assessment, dealing with animals, the use of personal and collective pro- tective equipment, as well as first aid and biological hazard assessment. To maintain a good standard of occupational safety on a farm, the conditions for rearing and breeding animals, and the rules of their operation, should be reviewed on an ongoing basis. Bulls, stallions, boars, rams and goats prone to kicking and biting are considered dangerous animals and special precautions should be taken when handling them. Only a good knowledge of basic animal behaviour, together with improved animal wel- fare, proper handling practices, and the use of appropriate containment equipment, will ensure safe handling of animals. Currently, all work with animals is governed by the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development on Occupational Health and Safety when Handling Farm Animals dated 4 August 2017 (Journal of Laws of 2017, item 1692).Pozycja Open Access Preliminary Analysis of the Production Performance of Edible Snails Helix Aspersa Aspersa Fed A Diet Supplemented With Calcium Pidolate(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Kaim-Mirowski, Sabina; Banaszewska, Dorota; Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandIn the last few decades there has been an upward trend in consumption of edible snails of the species Helix aspersa in European countries. In the 1990s the first Helix aspersa aspersa snail farms in Poland appeared, and the country’s heliculture now accounts for about 10% of European pro- duction. Parameters used to calculate the profitability of production play an important role in all farming systems; in the case of snails these include the feed conversion rate and yield (kg per m²). Recent years have seen growing interest in organic sources of microelements as feed additives to increase productivity and enhance immunity. Therefore the aim of the study was to conduct pilot research on the effect of the addition of calcium pidolate to the diet on selected production and quality parame- ters in snails Helix aspersa aspersa. The experiment was carried out on two plots on a snail farm. Agrimony was grown on the two plots. The snails were fed grower and finisher diets. The diet for the experimental group was supplemented with 0.075% calcium pidolate. The experiment was continued until the snails reached somatic and commercial maturity. The snails in the experimental group were shown to mature earlier and weigh more, resulting in more kilograms of live weight per m². Moreover, the percentage of snails classified as quality class I was higher in the experimental group. The amount of feed provided until completion of the cycle was higher in the control group, which could result in a longer fattening period and higher FCR. The pilot experiment carried out in snails Helix aspersa aspersa demonstrated that the addition of calcium pidolate to the diet of snails can result in a higher final weight and lower feed consumption.Pozycja Open Access Principles of Coexistence of Dogs and Cats Sharing a Living Environment(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Bombik, Elżbieta; Mandał, Jakub; Department of Bioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Bioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesPopular opinion holds that dogs and cats are eternal enemies that are unable to communicate. In many households in Poland and other countries, they are not kept together in the home for fear of conflicting personalities or behaviour. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that despite their many differences, dogs and cats can live together and share a living environment. To test this hypothesis, a questionnaire was created and completed by owners of animals of these two species. The questionnaire contained questions about the animals’ characteristics and their behaviour towards the other species with which they coexist. Answers were provided by 87 individuals. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions with one answer or multiple answers. It was divided into three sections: questions about the respondent’s cat, questions about the dog, and questions about the social be- haviour of the cat and the dog. To compare the results for the two species, the answers to two of the questions were grouped into categories of behaviour. The survey showed that the respondents’ pets were mainly in the age range of 2–8 years, and that mixed breeds were predominant. The results indi- cated that dogs and cats are largely friendly towards one another. Thus it can be concluded that these two species can live together in the same household provided that certain criteria are met. The most important of these are an adequate length of time spent in the litter with the mother, so that the animal can acquire appropriate behaviour patterns, and contact with the other species at a very early age.Pozycja Open Access Proposal of the Monitoring Methodology of the Viviparous Lizard Zootoca vivipara(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Stasiak, Aleksandra Katarzyna; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, PolandThe viviparous lizard (Zootoca vivipara) is a species of the Squamata order from the family of lizards (Lacertidae) covering the wide range – from Western Europe, including British islands and Ireland to the far reaches of Asia with limit of occurrence on the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The population of the viviparous lizard is not regularly monitored and does not have specific monitoring rules. Currently, numerous publications in the press and media inform about the progressive intensification of agriculture, intensity of tourist traffic or the increasingly progressive urbanization of the environment, which contributes to the migration of viviparous lizards from these areas. It has been suggested that because of human interference with the environment, viviparous lizards retreat to intact natural habitats. This is related to decrease in the area of occurrence of these reptiles and less frequent observations than before. The work presents a proposed methodology of viviparous lizard monitoring based on the evaluation of population status indicator – relative abundance and habitat condition indicators such as availability of breeding places and availability of hiding places. The aim of the article is to present indicators of the population status and habitat condition indicators, additionally to establish terms and frequency of surveys within the framework of the possibility to conduct monitoring studies of viviparous lizard populations.Pozycja Open Access The Use of Lactation Persistence as an Indicator in the Selection of the Maternal Lines of HF Cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Wójcik, Piotr; Cwynar, Marzena; Pankowski, Mateusz; National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Cattle Production, Poland; Kombinat Rolny Kietrz Ltd., Poland; Alta Genetics Ltd., PolandThe research material for this study consisted of a group of 163 Polish Holstein Friesian cows (PHF). For the study, the cows were assigned to 14 maternal lineages covering three generations. The aim of this study was to indicate possibilities for selecting cows with the goal of maintaining lineages on the farm which are characterised high productive qualities based on lactation persistency index. Basic milk parameters were analysed over a 305-day lactation cycle and information on somatic cell content was also gathered based on sample milkings. A characterisation of lactation persistency for a given lactation was generated as a percent difference between milk yield in the 2nd and 10th month of lactation, and a lactation persistency curve was developed for particular lineages in successive lactations, representing changes in the productivity of the cows. It was determined that together with increasing numbers of lactations among the cows studied, the average lactation persistency index also increased. For younger cows, this index did not exceed 30%, while in the older group this index amounted to 70%. Cows with the highest lactation persistency values 70.1–80% were also characterised by the highest milk production in average daily milk yields during peak lactation, amounting to 56.14 kg at values of for the index. Cows which began their milk production stage with a high persistency index in the 1st and 2nd lactations, in successive lactations saw a significant decrease in this index. Breeding cattle within maternal lines characterized by a high and stable level of lactation persistence index can ensure a high level of milk production in this line of cows.Pozycja Open Access Variation of Carbohydrates in Legume-Grass Mixtures Supplied by Mushroom Substrate Compost and Cow Slurry.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Malinowska, Elżbieta; Jankowski, Kazimierz; Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandThe aim of the research was to assess the effect of mushroom substrate and slurry on the con tent of structural and non-structural carbohydrates in hybrid alfalfa mixtures with grasses. The three-year research was conducted in an experimental field between 2013 and 2015, with the following variables: (1) spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and cow slurry (CS), applied in different combinations; (2) three legume grass mixtures: orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, hybrid alfalfa (M1); orchard grass, hybrid al falfa (M2); perennial ryegrass, hybrid alfalfa (M3). In each growing season, the mixtures were harvested three times. Plant material was used to determine dry matter content and the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, total protein, crude ash, and crude fat by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), using the NIRFlex N-500 spec trometer and ready-to-use INGOT® calibration applications. Generally, mushroom substrate applied on its own increased the amounts of cellulose and hemicellulose in legume grass mixtures more than slurry. The most cellulose, the least hemicelluloses, and the highest degree of lignification were recorded in the mixture of ryegrass with alfalfa, while the degree of lignification was the smallest in the forage of alfalfa and orchard grass, which also contained the least cellulose but the most hemicellulose. On average, the highest amount of cellulose was in the biomass of the first harvest and the least in the third.