FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2020
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Pozycja Open Access Effect of Drying Temperature and Method of Extract Preparation on Antioxidant Activity of Edible Flowers of Some Ornamental Plant Species(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Stefaniak, Anna; Grzeszczuk, Monika; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Abstract. Edible flowers are a popular food ingredient in many regional cuisines, especially Asian and Middle Eastern ones. Drying is one of the most popular methods of preserving flowers. On the other hand, a common method of consuming dried edible flowers is to use them for preparing various kinds of beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic ones. The paper presents the results of the laboratory analyses concerning the content of biologically active compounds in dried flowers in three temperature variants (~25°C, 35°C and 70°C), which were used to select the material constituting the basis for obtaining various types of water (infusions, decoctions, macerates) and alcohol extracts (with the use of 50%, 80% and 96% ethanol and repeated extractiong method using 96% EtOH), and then their antioxidant activity evaluation. The research material consisted of ornamental plant species with flowers of high biological value: Mimulus × hybridus L. (‘Magic Yellow’ and ‘Magic Red’), Hemerocallis × hybrida Hort., Monarda didyma L., Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (‘Sarah Bernardt’, ‘Dr. Alexander Fleming’ and ‘Karl Rosenfield’). The experiment was carried out in the years 2014–2015 in the Department of Horticulture of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. On the base of the chemical analyses results the most favourable drying temperature variant was selected for each tested flower cultivar. For flowers M. × hybridus L., M. didyma L. and H. × hybrida Hort. it was 35°C; dried flowers were characterised by the highest content of biologically active compounds and the highest antioxidant activity. In the case of three cultivars of P. lactiflora Pall. the most favourable drying temperature was ~25°C. Among the water and alcohol extracts of the studied edible flower species, the decoction indicated a higher content of antioxidant compounds. The highest values of antioxidant activity were observed in extracts prepared on the basis of peony flowers.Pozycja Open Access The Evaluation of Sanitary and Veterinary Inspection Results of Deer in Poland in 2015–2018(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Górski, Krzysztof; Kondracki, Stanisław; Department of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of lesions and qualitative changes in deer in Poland in 2015–2018. The results of the sanitary and veterinary examination of roe deer, fallow deer and red deer carried out by the Veterinary Inspectorate were analyzed. In 2015–2018, 719 916 roe deer, 27 540 fallow deer and 290 424 red deer were subjected to sanitary and veterinary examinations. The analysis included: emaciation, putrefaction, septicaemia and pyemia and other changes. It was found that in Poland in 2015–2018 the number of acquired deer increased. The number of roe deer, fallow deer and red deer in which lesions were found shows an upward trend. In the years 2015–2018 there was a significant increase in the percentage of occurrence of qualitative changes in deer in the form of putrefaction. In most cases, these changes were the reason why the carcasses were declared unfit for consumption. In the analyzed period there was a systematic increase in the percentage of deer carcasses deemed unfit for consumption in comparison to all examined. In recent years, quite frequent cases of hunters delivering carcasses with signs of improper handling of hunted game in the hunting ground and during transport have been registered. This is mainly due to the non-cleaning of gunshot wounds, improper and inaccurate eviscerating and bleeding, as well as the occurrence of local infusions. This may increase the number of carcasses declared unfit for consumption. The quality of the raw game meat supplied for processing depends on the skills of hunters. It is therefore advisable to increase the requirements and enforce hunters’ knowledge of the procedures in force when dealing with venison in the hunting ground. It is also important that collection centers provide proper conditions for storing carcasses.Pozycja Open Access Feeding of Sporting Dogs. Part I. Energy, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrates Requirements(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Kazimierska, Katarzyna; Biel, Wioletta; Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandSporting dogs belong to a large group of dogs that perform a specific job for a man. The type of performed work can be divided according to its frequency, intensity and duration. The aim of the study was to characterize the nutrition of sporting dogs, focusing on energy requirement and demand for energy-providing nutrients (protein, fat and carbohydrates). Proper nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting the dog's athletic performance. The objective of proper nutrition for training dogs is to provide the highest quality of energy in appropriate amount. Food balance is achieved when the supplied nutrients enable the body to maintain the proper functioning of all tissues and none of the ingredients are in excess or deficiency.Pozycja Open Access Feeding of Sporting Dogs. Part II. Minerals, Vitamins and Functional Additives Requirements(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Kazimierska, Katarzyna; Biel, Wioletta; Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandSporting dog owner should realize that proper nutrition is one of the most important factors influencing the sports results achieved by the dog. In addition to the increased demand for energy and basic nutrients, particular attention should be paid to the adequate supply of vitamins and minerals, as well as dietary supplements. Therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize the importance of minerals, vitamins and functional additives in the nutrition of sporting dogs. The significant elements in the sporting dogs nutrition are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium. Micronutrients such as copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc are also very important. Of the vitamins in the sporting dogs nutrition, vitamins with antioxidant properties (vitamin E, vitamin C) are crucial, as well as vitamin D and B-group vitamins. Moreover, the diet of a sporting dog can also be enriched with functional additives that support the function of joints, muscles and circulatory system, as well as plants with an adaptogenic effect that improve the dog's immunity. Selecting the right amounts of individual additives so they fulfill their planned functions and are completely safe may be a problem. Since it should be remembered that both the deficiency and the excess of nutrients can be dangerous for the body.Pozycja Open Access Herbological Condition and Herbicide Control of Potato Agrophytocenosis in the Western Part of Ukraine(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Shuvar, Ivan; Korpita, Hanna; Lviv National Agrarian University, Dubliany, UkraineThe article presents original research on the herbicides influence on weed species and productivity of potato agrophytocenosis of Volya variety under organo-mineral and organic fertilizer systems in the western part of Ukraine.Pozycja Open Access The Incidence of Spermatozoa with Morphological Changes in Semen Collected from Canine Epididymides(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Wysokińska, Anna; Chłopik, Angelika; Szablicka, Dorota; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce, Poland; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce, Poland; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce, PolandThe aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of spermatozoa with morphological changes in semen collected from canine epididymides. The study was conducted on five dogs with gonads obtained from them as a result of routine castration performed at a veterinary clinic. Epididymides were isolated after gonadal lavage with PBS fluid. Semen was collected by incising individual parts of the epididymis (caput, corpus, cauda) with a sterile scalpel, when placed in separate Petri dishes. Sperm morphology was prepared from the semen collected in this way. The preparations were stained with the SpermBlue method. The sperm morphology was assessed using a 100x immersion lens with a Nikon E-50i light microscope. In each preparation, the morphological structure of 200 spermatozoa was assessed, specifying the sperm cells with normal morphological structure and those with changes in their head, tail, and those with cytoplasmic droplets. Based on the performed study, it was found that there are differences in the incidence of sperm cells with morphological changes in individual sections of the epididymal duct. The largest share of spermatozoa with normal morphological structure was observed within the corpus of the epididymis. The most spermatozoa with head changes and with cytoplasmic droplets were found in semen collected from the epididymal caput. There were more than 14% more spermatozoa with head changes located in the epididymal caput than in the epididymal cauda (P ≤ 0.05). The semen collected from the cauda of the epididymis showed significantly more sperm cells with tail changes than in the remaining parts of the epididymis. As semen moved through the individual segments of the epididymis, the proportion of spermatozoa with head changes and cytoplasmic droplets decreased, while the proportion of spermatozoa with tail changes increased.Pozycja Open Access Influence of Variety, Elements of the Fertilization System, Sowing Rates of Seeds on the Pea Yield (Pisum sativum)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Lykhochvor, Volodymyr; Andrushko, Mykola; Andrushko, Oleg; Lviv National Agrarian University, Dubliany, UkraineThe yield of pea varieties depending on the elements of the fertilizer system and sowing rates. In the first experiment, nine variants of the application of mineral fertilizers on the variety ‘Madonna’ were studied: 1. P0K0 – control; 2. P0K0 + Optimize Pulse; 3. P60K60; 4. P60K60 + N60; 5. P60K60 + S30; 6. P60K60 + N60 + S30; 7. P60K60 + Mg20 + S30; 8. P60K60 + N60 + + Mg20 + S30; 9. P60K60 + N60 + Mg20 + S30 + Intermag beans (2 l/ha). In the second experiment, three varieties of ‘Madonna’, ‘Gotivsky’, and ‘Otaman’ were studied with six sowing rates of 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1,2, 1.3, 1.4 mln/ha.As a result of studies, it was found that the highest yield of pea grain was obtained in the ‘Madonna’ variety – 6.38 t/ha. As to the ‘Gotivsky’ variety the yield is lower and amounted 6.13 t/ha, which is by 0.25 t/ha less than the ‘Madonna’ variety. The lowest grain yield was in the ‘Otaman’ variety – 5.94 t/ha, which is by 0.44 t/ha less than the ‘Madonna’ variety and by 0.19 t/ha compared to the ‘Gotivsky’ variety.The highest yield of ‘Madonna’ pea grains (6.43 t/ha) was formed during the application of mineral fertilizers according to the following scheme: P60K60 + N60 + Mg20 + S30 + Intermagus beans (2 l/ha). Due to the improvement of the pea nutrition system, the yield increased by 2.43 t/ha or 60.7% compared to the control (P0K0). It has been investigated that the optimal sowing rate of the ‘Madonna’ pea variety is 1, 0 and 1.1 mln./ha, for the ‘Gotivsky’ variety –1.2 mln/ha and as to the ‘Otaman’ variety – 1.1 and 1.2 mln/ha. Improvement of elements of cultivation technology for conditions of sufficient moistening of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine allows to obtain stable yield of pea grain at the level of 6–7 t/ha.Pozycja Open Access Lavandula angustifolia Propagated in In Vitro Cultures on Media Containing AgNPs and AuNPs – an Alternative to Synthetic Preservatives in Cosmetics(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Jadczak, Paula; Kulpa, Danuta; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandWe determined the preservation properties of Lavandula angustifolia propagated on media with gold or silver nanoparticles with a particle size of 13 and 30 nm. Cosmetic emulsions prepared by using lavender tissue that was propagated on media containing AuNPs and AgNPs showed increased preservative capacities when compared with the control ones. In the case of control cosmetic emulsions, which had no added plant tissues or dehydroacetic acid and benzoic acid (DHA BA), bacterial and fungal colonies appeared after the second week of the experiment. The addition of lavender tissue propagated on media without AuNPs or AgNPs protected the tasted samples from microbial contamination; in this case, bacterial contamination was detected after 4 weeks and fungal contamination after 6 weeks. The addition of lavender tissue propagated on medium containing AgNPs with a particle size of 13 nm at a concentration of 1 mg · dm−3 prolonged the time of detection of bacteria colonies to 8 weeks (0.9) and this result was close and comparable to the effect of DHA BA. Higher concentrations of AgNPs in the culture medium, as well as a larger particle diameter (30 nm), resulted in the decreased preservative capacity of plant tissues. The presence of AuNPs in the culture media showed a positive effect on the antimicrobial activity of lavender; however, to a lesser degree than in the case of AgNPs. Disintegrated fragments of lavender tissue propagated on media containing 1 mg ∙ dm−3 AgNPs with particle size of 13 nm can be used to preserve short shelf life cosmetic emulsions.Pozycja Open Access Monitoring Proposal of the Species Streptocephalus Torvicornis (Waga 1842) in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Cukier, S.; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences –SGGW, Warszawa, PolandThe paper presents a proposal of methods for monitoring the species Streptocephalus torvicornis, which belongs to large branchiopods. This species occurs in small ephemeral water bodies. Currently, there is only one known locality of S. torvicornis in Poland. Many species of large branchiopods are considered to be in danger of extinction. Their observation in the environment is hampered by the periodic nature of the occurrence of adults. The proposed method of population status assessment is based on the analysis of soil samples in terms of the presence of persistent cysts. The following factors may be used to assess the condition of the habitat: the presence of vegetation indicating the astatic or ephemeral nature of the pools, the level of succession of trees and shrubs, the presence of fish, the presence of potential sources of pollution. The proposed methods are universal and can be applied to the monitoring of other large branchiopods species. Regular monitoring may contribute to the recognition of other places of occurrence and will enable effective protection of the species S. torvicornis in Poland.Pozycja Open Access Potential Contamination of Soybean Agrophytocenosis Depending on the System of Farming and Soil Tillage(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Tsyuk, Oleksiy; Marchenko, Dmutro; Shuvar, Ivan; Biel, Wioletta; Department of Agriculture and Herbology, National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine; Department of Agriculture and Herbology, National University of Life and Environmental Scienсes of Ukraine; Agriculture and Livestock Department, Lviv National Agrarian University, Dubliany, Ukraine; Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandThis work presents the results of the study of changes of the potential contamination of soybean agrophytocenosis in grain-row crop rotation by using different systems of farming and typical black soil tillage. It was established that in the upper 0–5 cm layer of soil there are on average 393–671 million pieces of weed seeds. which is 33.6–43.0% of the total number in the layer of soil 0–20 cm. It was established that the use of periodical moldboard and superficial basic soil tillage had no impact on reducing the potential contamination of typical black soil compared to the variant of differentiated tillage. During subsurface plowing the total number of seeds in the soil layer 0–20 cm increased by 13.5–25.8% compared to differentiated tillage. In the variants of ecological and biological farming systems the number of weed seeds in the layer 0–5 cm was 11.3–19.6% higher compared to the intensive farming system. Based on monitoring of the species composition of the weed seeds bank it was established that in the arable layer of the soil the largest share are annual dicotyledonous – 48–62%. annual monocotyledonous – 30.2–44.6%. perennial – 0.9–3.3% of the total number. It was proved that under the intensive system of farming the yield of soybean variety Silesia increased on average from 10.2 to 147% compared to the ecological and biological system of farming. During the biological system of farming soybean yield did not exceed 1.0–1.8 t/ha. Therefore. the industrial and ecological system of farming had the greatest impact on reducing the potential weediness of the soybean agrocenosis during the growing season. During the biological system of farming crop yields decrease due to the accumulation of weed seeds in the topsoil and formation of high actual weediness of the soybean agrocenosis.Pozycja Open Access The Proposal for Monitoring of Golden Jackal (Canis aureus)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Mańko, Oliwia; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, PolandGolden jackal (Canis aureus) is a mesopredator. As an opportunistic species, it can both compete and pose a threat to native species. The golden jackal was first documented in Poland in 2015, where it came probably due to the natural expansion of the species distribution range. Currently, its estimated population size is based only on observations of single individuals, but this may change in the future. The recent expansion of the golden jackal, as well as its small population size in Poland, result in a low level of knowledge about this species and its impact on the native fauna and flora. The purpose of monitoring is to help in the future control of the population size, as well as to facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on the biology and the impact of this species on the environment. The monitoring method of the golden jackal presented in this article consists of the assessment of both the species’ habitat and its population. Overall, the proposed assessment of the habitat and population is based on evaluation of 7 indicators (population density, number of litters, height above sea level, presence of wolves, access to water reservoirs, scrubs, food base availability). Indicator assessment allows to determine, whether a given site is favorable for the settlement and growth of the golden jackal population. Observations carried out during the monitoring process may additionally facilitate the recognition of the species in the newly occupied areas, and allow to determine its impact on the environment.Pozycja Open Access Specific Characteristic of Sheep’s Milk and Pro-Health Properties Depending on the Somatic Cells Count(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Wrzecińska, Marcjanna; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandSheep milk is a valuable product due to its properties and composition. It is richer in high-quality protein and contains more nutritional value compared to the milk of other ruminants. Raw milk is characterized by a lack of enzymatic activity and a lack of pathogenic microorganisms. Milk also has a high content of minerals. For this reason, sheep's milk is a good raw material for the dairy industry and the production of fermented milk drinks as well as cheese. During lactation, the content of individual milk ingredients and milk yield fluctuate, which translates into the nutritional value of the product. Also, the content of somatic cells in milk is significantly different between the peak and the end of lactation of animals. The increase in cellular elements is a major indicator of mammary gland infection. The cause of mastitis is bacterial infection or mechanical teat damage. Inflammation of the mammary gland is a serious problem for dairy farmers due to the health and economic aspects of this disease, which is the main cause of slaughtering ewes and the fall of many animals, as well as enforcing the cost of healing females, and the obtained milk is utilized. It is estimated that up to 60% of sheep in herds can suffer from asymptomatic mastitis, which is a serious problem for the dairy industry. That is why research is important to analyze the amount of somatic cells in milk.Pozycja Open Access The Specifics of Breeding Work in Dairy Cattle of the Southern Region of Ukraine(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Kozyr, Volodymyr Semenovych; Institute of Cereals of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, UkraineGeneralized directions of breeding work in dairy cattle breeding agricultural enterprises of the southern Ukraine for the last 20 years and given the scientific-practical recommendations on improvement of breeding and productive qualities of animals through the use of the gene pool of domestic and foreign dairy breeds.Along with the preservation of the gene pool of red steppe breed by creating closed populations with the required number of effective sires and females, it is important to include them in breeding programs of creation of intensive types and breeds of dairy cattle, which meet modern requirements in terms of level and degree of realization of the genetic potential of dairy efficiency. Therefore, along with purebred breeding red steppe breed in the past decades it was improved by crossing with the bull related breeds – Anglia and red Danish, and thus derived ginamalone Ukrainian red dairy breed.Pozycja Open Access The Value of FPR Indicator in Dependence of Dairy Cows’ Body Condition in the First Month of Lactation(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2020) Adamski, Maciej; Pacoń, Jakub; Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, PolandThe research was performed on 100 cows of Black and White Polish Holstein-Friesian breed. The studied cows were under a visual and tactile evaluation of body condition using a BCS (Body Condition Scoring) method performed on the day of parturition as well as 30th day of lactation. The observation results of the body condition changes during that period were juxtaposed with FPR. The value of that indicator was determined on the base of control milking performed on the 30th day of lactation. The aim of the research was defining the relationship between the value of FPR and the changes of cows’ body condition between the day of parturition and 30th day of lactation. The statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) of FPR value in dependence of the changes in cows’ body condition between the parturition day and 30th day of lactation were determined.