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Pozycja Open Access Analiza zależności między poziomem marmurkowatości i zawartością tkanki łącznej w antrykocie a klasyfikacją umięśnienia i stopniem otłuszczenia tusz wołowych(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Guzek, Dominika; Głąbska, Dominika; Pietras, Jacek; Plewa, Paweł; Wierzbicka, Agnieszka; Samodzielny Zakład Techniki w Żywieniu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie; Katedra Dietetyki, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie; Samodzielny Zakład Techniki w Żywieniu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie; Samodzielny Zakład Techniki w Żywieniu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie; Samodzielny Zakład Techniki w Żywieniu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w WarszawieTenderness of beef meat is for consumer the most important factor creating its quality. However, during retail, the visual features – colour, marbling, connective tissue quantity – are the most important. The higher marbling level is associated with higher tenderness, juiciness and palatability. Simultaneously, connective tissue is a factor creating hardness. The aim of the presented study was to analyse the relation of marbling and connective tissue quantity in cube roll with conformation and fat class of carcasses. The object of the study was 20 cube rolls from Limousine x Holstein-Friesian bulls. The cumulative effect of conformation class and fat class was not observed. In the „O” conformation class, for the highest of four analysed fat class, highest marbling level was observed.Pozycja Open Access Badanie zawartości kadmu oraz odczynu w podłożach wykonanych z popiołów fluidalnych lub gleby w połączeniu z osadami ściekowymi, słomą i preparatem (EM-1)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Gibczyńska, Marzena; Stankowski, Sławomir; Mazur, Jacek; Lewandowska, Leokadia; Zakład Chemii Ogólnej i Ekologicznej, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Agronomii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Inżynierii Sanitarnej, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Chemii Ogólnej i Ekologicznej, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe aim of the three-year research project was to assess the impact of digested sewage sludge, wheat straw and EM-1 preparation on changes of the cadmium content and pH in the media made on the basis of soil and ash. Effective microorganisms preparation (EM-1) and ceramic powder EM-X, provided by the Greenland Company, were used as activators of biochemical processes. Festulolium braunii (Felopa cultivar) was grown in a pots. The acidification of the media consist of soil or ash and sewage sludge, wheat straw and EM-1 microbiological preparation has been obtained after three years. No effect of added components on changes of the cadmium content in the media based on soil and fluidal ash from coal has been found. Cadmium content in the investigated fluidal ash from coal and sewage sludge was not a limiting factor for their use as fertilizer and for land reclamation purposes.Pozycja Open Access Efekty glebotwórcze rekultywacji leśnej terenów pogórniczych w okolicy Łęknicy(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Greinert, Andrzej; Drab, Michał; Zakład Ochrony i Rekultywacji Gruntów, Instytut Inżynierii Środowiska, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski; Zakład Ochrony i Rekultywacji Gruntów, Instytut Inżynierii Środowiska, Uniwersytet ZielonogórskiForest reclamation of the soil-less land, connected with opencast lignite mining brings effects exemplified many years after activities carried out during the technical and biological phases. The paper describes the post-mining areas characteristics located near Łęknica in western Poland, covered with Miocene sands, reclaimed in the forest direction, 20 years after the reclamation works. Within its framework, after leveling of the pit heaps plateau and the excavation bottom, slopes surface shaping, neutralization of the ground and start fertilizing, the additional fertilizing differentiating experimental plots of two objects has been done. After the 20 years of soil formation in profiles the following horizons have been observed (of thickness): O (2–3 cm), A (< 1 cm) and Cg (5–10 cm) covering the morphologically and chemically modified C1 horizon (10–30 cm), and the unchanged C2 horizon. There have been noted a tendency to re-acidification of the neutralized soil (to pHKCl 3.5–5.0), and differentiation of the soil surface layers chemistry, to the greatest extent related to the litter level forming. The direction of ground development indicates the possibility of appearance in the coming years a symptoms of the podzolisation process.Pozycja Open Access Interesujące stanowisko Listery jajowatej Listera ovata (L.) R. BR. (Orchidaceae) w pobliżu Jeziora Łazienkowskiego w Człuchowie (województwo pomorskie) Doniesienie(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Bacieczko, Wanda; Czajka, Mariola; Katedra Dendrologii i Kształtowania Terenów Zieleni, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Dendrologii i Kształtowania Terenów Zieleni, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieIn the area of Człuchów at the ecological site “Wetlands at the Lazienkowskie Lake” there has been found an abundant population of Listera ovata population (166 specimens). Listera ovata develops in undergrowth of the forest phytocenosisFraxino-Alnetum W.Mat.1952. It is necessary to decrease the level of the penetration of this area in order to maintain the population.Pozycja Open Access Jakość owoców pięciu odmian persymony (Diospyros kaki)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Chełpiński, Piotr; Yordanov, Anton; Dobrowolska, Agnieszka; Rozwarski, Rafał; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Katedra Ogrodnictwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Sadownictwa, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Plovdiv, Bułgaria; Katedra Ogrodnictwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ogrodnictwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieResearch was conducted in 2010–2011 at the Fruit Growing Department of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin and at the Research Station of Agricultural University in Plovdiv, where, in the spring of 2006, persimmon trees of ‘Sharon’, ‘Moro’, ‘Jiro C24276’, ‘Kaki Tipo’ and ‘Hyakume’ cultivars were planted. The capacity of the fruits, soluble solids, organic acidity, Vitamin C, NO3 and NO2 contents as well as the fruit coloring were compared in Szczecin after harvesting. It was noted that Kaki Tipo and Hyakume cultivars were characterized by the largest fruits with an average mass greater than 220 g, and with a height and diameter 70 mm. The fruits were characterized by a wide range of skin colour: from bright yellow-orange to dark orange. The fruits of the ‘Hyakume’ cultivar were the brightest (L* 63.19) and contained the most yellow pigment (b* 63.54). Small contents of organic acids (0.37–0.67 g citric acid per 100 g of fruit), nitrates (1.0–4.5 mg 100 g–1) and a nitrites (0.15–0.30 mg 100 g–1). Fruits were characterised by large differences in vitamin C content from 41mg (‘Hyakume’) to 98 mg (‘Sharon’) per 100 g of fruit but similar values for the content of extract (16.6–17.4%).Pozycja Open Access Specyfikacja flory infrastruktury tramwajowej Szczecina jako przejaw skrajnej synantropizacji siedliska(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Klera, Magdalena; Bacieczko, Wanda; Fundacja Lemniskata, Szczecin; Katedra Dendrologii i Kształtowania Terenów Zieleni, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe areas of infrastructure associated with the tram communication in the city of Szczecin are habitats to the development of spontaneous flora and ornamental cultivated plants. Synanthropic features of mosaic habitat of the tramways areas have influenced the development of the specific flora. Floristic composition of the studied areas is the result of adaptation to extreme human pressure on the habitat, which is manifested in affecting conditions of water and light, site fertility and by the intensity of exploitation. Habitat factors of a strong gradient, unique to any other previously studied communication facilities, influenced the development of a relatively rich flora, profiled similar to the flora of industrial or urban habitats.Pozycja Open Access Struktura geograficzno-historyczna flor zróżnicowanych biotopów oraz wybrane wskaźniki antropogeniczne(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Kutyna, Ignacy; Berkowska, Ewelina; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe analysis of the geographical and historical structure of the flora of different biotopes and the anthropogenic indices are of cognitive significance in the process of transformation of communities. Differentiated biotopes (exploited sand and gravel pits, fallows, arable fields, warm slopes, shrubs, alleys, midfield ponds and midfield meadows, forest habitats, shoulders of forest roads and car parks adjacent to forests) in the area of the south western part of Nizina Szczecińska (Szczecin Lowland) and the western part of Pojezierze Drawskie (Drawsko Lakeland) were taken into consideration in the studies. Apart from these biotopes the results of Chmiel's studies concerning NE Wielkopolska, the protected areas: nature reserves, landscape parks, ecological utilized areas and non-protected areas were used. In the flora of the studied biotopes indigenous species dominate species of non-native origin and among spontaneophytes more abundent are synenthropic spontaneophytes (apophytes). Among anthropophytes the most frequently represented are archeophytes, whereas keneophytes occur much more rarely. The smallest transformation of the flora is observed in protected areas of NE Wielkopolska (N = 34.1%) and within the range of such biotopes as midfield ponds and midfield alleys (N = 32.9–33.3%) and in forest habitats of Western Pomerania (N = 30.8–31.8%). Within the area of exploited pits the largest indices of proper synanthropization were recorded. The Sw indices are the largest for the flora of the pits (Sw varies from 78.9 to 94.1%), approximate values of proper synanthropization were also determined for fallows and the largest - for arable fields (Sw = 91.3–98.2%). The lowest values of proper synanthropization, not exceeding 60%, were characteristic of the flora of NE Wielkopolska, of midfield ponds, midfield meadows and forest habitats (Sw indices are the lowest and they vary from 35.9 to 45.0%). The index of potential synanthropization of the flora is larger by 25–33% of the Sw value in all the biotopes. The values of proper apophytization (Apw) and potential apophytization (App) of the flora are similar in the flora of the studied biotopes to the indices of synanthropization and their values are smaller by 25–33%. The largest indices of archeophytization (Ar = 30.8−35.7%) are achieved by the flora of arable fields and fallows, slightly smaller (15.8−18.9%) − by the flora of the pits, the index of the remaining biotopes (forest habitats, shrubs, alleys, midfield ponds and midfield meadows) does not exceed 10%. The contribution of kenophytes to the flora of the studied biotopes is very slight. It is confirmed by very small indices of kenophytization.Pozycja Open Access Wartość RFV Festulolium braunii uprawianej w mieszance z koniczyną łąkową na tle zróżnicowanego nawożenia azotem(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Sosnowski, Jacek; Jankowski, Kazimierz; Katedra Łąkarstwa i Kształtowania Terenów Zieleni, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach; Katedra Łąkarstwa i Kształtowania Terenów Zieleni, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w SiedlcachThe aim of this study was to determine the relative nutritional value (RFV) of Festulolium braunii grown in a mixture with red clover on the background of different nitrogen fertilization. In 2007, an experimental objects of Department of Grassland and Green Areas Creation in Siedlce field experiment with mixture sowing was established. Experience factor was varied nitrogen fertilization: N0 - no nitrogen, N1 – 60 kg N · ha–1, N2 – 120 kg N · ha–1. Detailed study included content of fiber fraction NDF and ADL in % DM. Chemical analysis of plant material were conduced for all the cuts collected in the last two years of the experiment. It was done at the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences in Falenty. The results were used to evaluate the feed from mixture, which was conducted according to the of Linn test and Martin. The using of mineral nitrogen contributed to the increase in the relative nutritional value of the feed. The higher dose caused an increase in NDF content in the dry matter of plants, but did not decrease the RFV value. The best in terms of quality feed material was biomass collected from the spring regrowth. The study showed the usefulness of high the analyzed mixture in ruminant feedin.Pozycja Open Access Wpływ metod zwalczania mniszka pospolitego (Taraxacum officinale) na względną jakość pokarmową siana łąkowego(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Jankowska, Jolanta; Pracownia Agrometeorologii i Podstaw Melioracji, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w SiedlcachThe aim of this work was the examination the effect of selected methods of Taraxacum officinale control on the hay quality from grassland. The field experiment was conducted in the years 2007–2009 on a meadow in śelków near Siedlce (geographical coordinates: 52º08' N and 22º11' E). It was conducted in randomized blocks with three replications. There were two experimental factors, mechanical control methods by involving of Taraxacum officinale and cutting up the plants and four selected herbicides (Rancho 242 EC, Bofix 260 EC, Starane 250 EC and Mniszek 540 SL). Plot area was 9 m2. In each growing season three cuts were harvested. Immediately after cutting the green matter was weighted and was taken 0.5 kg sample of green matter, in order to botanical – weight analyze. Then the plant material has been dried and subjected to chemical analysis. The study results were used to evaluate feed from permanent meadows by Linn-Martin test. The highest values of RFV determining the relative nutritive value of forage harvested from control objects throughout the whole period of the experiment. It caused in the classification of that feed in the second of the fifth grades. Silage feed value obtained from other objects which were used both chemical and mechanical control methods of Taraxacum officinale was slightly lower compared to the control object and was in third grade quality.Pozycja Open Access Wpływ zawartości suchej masy w mleku na skład oraz cechy sensoryczne twarogu kwasowego(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Siemianowski, Krzysztof; Szpendowski, Jerzy; Bohdziewicz, Krzysztof; Kołakowski, Piotr; Pawlikowska, Katarzyna; Żylińska, Joanna; Bardowski, Jacek Karol; Katedra Mleczarstwa i Zarządzania Jakością, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie; Katedra Mleczarstwa i Zarządzania Jakością, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie; Katedra Mleczarstwa i Zarządzania Jakością, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie; Danisco-Biolacta, Olsztyn; Danisco-Biolacta, Olsztyn; Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki, Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa; Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki, Polska Akademia Nauk, WarszawaThe aim of this paper was to analyze the effect of the dry matter in milk on the sensory properties of acid tvarog cheese. Acid tvarog cheeses were produced from reconstituted milk of varied dry matter contents, prepared from skimmed milk powder. Dry matter, protein, lactose and ash content were determined in the milk, tvarog cheese and whey. Active and titratable acidity were measured in milk curds and tvarog cheeses. The sensory analysis of tvarog cheeses was carried out with the grading method. The increase in the dry matter content in milk did not significantly modify the protein retention in the product. The value of titratable acidity of tvarog cheeses was proportionally correlated with the content of dry matter in milk. The content of dry matter in the raw material had a varied effect on the sensory properties of tvarog cheeses. The values responsible for cream color, hardness, grain size, sweet flavor, milk powder aftertaste and aroma intensity increased with an increase in the dry matter content, while the values of whey leakage, appearance homogeneity, elasticity, clamminess, flavor purity and intensity as well as acidic odor decreased.Pozycja Open Access Zawartość miedzi i cynku w rekultywowanych gruntach pokopalnianych rejonu Łęknicy(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Greinert, Andrzej; Drab, Michał; Zakład Ochrony i Rekultywacji Gruntów, Instytut Inżynierii Środowiska, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski; Zakład Ochrony i Rekultywacji Gruntów, Instytut Inżynierii Środowiska, Uniwersytet ZielonogórskiThe paper presents the variability of the copper and zinc content in post-mining soils in subtotal and extracted in 0.1 M HCl forms obtained after 24 years from the start of field experiment. Described experiment was founded in outside dumps of the former lignite mine "Friendship of Nations", near Łęknica. Two test objects of different ages of the Scots pine at the start (2 and 6 years old) have been founded, within the plots constructed with differentiated mineral fertilization. During the technical reclamation trace elements have been introduced to grounds with the waste lime from Zinc Smelter in Miasteczko Śląskie. After 24 years there has been a low content of trace elements in grounds reported – subtotal form: 2–209 (av. 35) mg Zn · kg–1, 0.2–58.7 (av. 5.0) mg Cu · kg–1, form determined in 0.1M HCl: 0.1–106.0 (av. 14.7) mg Zn · kg–1, 0.1–7,9 (av. 1.0) mg Cu · kg–1. The content of Cu and Zn showed a dependence on the depth of sampling. Regardless of the type of fertilization, higher levels of the two determined forms of copper and zinc were found in the forest litter. With the increasing depth of sampling it has been indicated very clearly decrease of the both forms of Cu and Zn content. Participation of form marked in 0.1 M HCl in a subtotal form was varied (Zn: 1.1–91.7%, Cu: 1.1–78.0%), but often exceeded 50%. This corresponded with a very strong acidity of post- -mining grounds on presented areas.