Wydanie 340(45)1 2018
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Pozycja Open Access The Use of Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Assess the Degree of Overheating of Honey(Wydawnictwo Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Żak, Natalia; Wilczyńska, Aleksandra; Przybyłowski, Piotr; Department of Commodity Science and Quality Management, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland; Department of Commodity Science and Quality Management, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland; Department of Commodity Science and Quality Management, Gdynia Maritime University, PolandThe honey heating process used for its recrystallization (especially in a high temperatures and for a very long time) can result a chemical changes. The aim of this study was to use fluorescence spectroscopy to assess the grade of overheating of honey of different botanical origin. The sample was consisted of 20 honey samples of different botanical origin (rape, leaf honeydew, multifloral, pine honeydew, buckwheat), which were heated at various temperatures (40°C, 60°C, 80°C for 48 hours and microwave – 90°C in time up to 10 seconds). The prepared honey samples were evaluated by determining the 5-HMF content and the diastase activity by the spectrophotometric methods. Fluorescence spectra were also made, which allowed to distinguish samples of honey from the different botanical origin. As a result of various heating methods (40°C, 60°C, 80°C, microwave), samples of honey from different botanical sources behaved similarly (the content of 5-HMF and diastase values and fluorescence spectra). The highest content of 5-HMF and the lowest diastase number had honey heated at 80°C – beside of the variety. By analyzing the fluorescence spectra, it can be seen that they were very similar for honeys heated at 40°C, 60°C and in a microwave oven. Only the fluorescence spectra for honey heated at 80°C differ significantly from the other samples. This means that fluorescence spectra can be used only to detect extreme overheating of the honey.Pozycja Open Access The Association Between Erα/ Bgli Genotypes and Milk Performance in Holstein-Friesian and Jersey Cattle. Preliminary Study(Wydawnictwo Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Wasilewska, Małgorzata; Tabor-Osińska, Sara; Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandModern farming asks many questions which science has answers to. While selecting animals for further breeding, many aspects should be taken under consideration, like an animal's phenotypic and genetic features. Marker-assisted selection is a useful tool for judging an animal's genetic value. There are many well-known genetic factors responsible for efficiency of animal production and many of which still need to be studied in more depth. The following study examines the association between ERα/ BglI genotypes and milk performance in cattle. Two breeds were analysed in this study (Jersey and Holstein-Friesian red and white) and from the data gathered there is evidence to suggest that polymorphisms in the gene influences milk yield in these breeds. Three genotypes were identified: GG, AG, AA. The data pertaining to milk yield of both herds received from the farmers shows that the efficiency of milk production is the highest in the GG homozygotes and the lowest in the AG heterozygotes. This suggests a strong link between these genetic variants and the effective production of milk. However, to confirm the association between the polymorphic traits of the studied gene and milk production traits, it would be necessary to run a study on a larger group of cattle and to use infomration about their further lactation cycles.Pozycja Open Access The Content of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mo in the Spleen of Moose (Alces Alces L.) from Northeastern Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Skibniewski, Michał; Skibniewska, Ewa M.; Gałązka, Aneta; Kołnierzak, Marta; Kmieć, Hubert; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Biology Environment Animals, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Biology Environment Animals, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Biology Environment Animals, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Biology Environment Animals, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, PolandThe study was performed to assess the concentrations of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) as well as essential elements: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo) in the spleen of moose from Northeastern Poland. The animals studied were divided into two age groups (juvenile individuals up to 2 years old and mature animals older than 2 years).The concentrations of selected elements in the collected samples was determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean concentrations in the organs examined were: 2.28, 0.10, 8.36, 25.29 and 0.22 mg ∙ kg–1 wet weight, respectively for cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and molybdenum. Although higher values were found in older individuals, both age groups did not differ statistically. In the analysis of relations between selected metals we noted statistically significant correlations between following pairs of elements: zinc and molybdenum (r = 0.58), cadmium and copper (r = 0.56) and cadmium and molybdenum (r = 0.55). The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, and molybdenum levels in the moose spleen was higher in the group of the older individuals than in the younger ones. Although there are no reference values for the cadmium and lead concentrations in the moose spleen the mean values observed can be considered high because they correspond to the levelsbregistered in the organs of other ruminant species living in the industrial regions. This phenomenon is due to the presence of a few older individuals with high levels of those metals in the spleen among investigated animals.Pozycja Open Access Assessment and Comparison of the Cariogenicity of the Girls and Boys Diet in the Selected Group of Young People Aged 15–16 Years Old(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Sadowska, Joanna; Daniel, Izabela; Department of Human Nutrition Physiology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Human Nutrition Physiology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandCorrect eating habits have a significant impact on the condition of teeth and periodontal. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cariogenicity of the diet in a select group of young people aged 15-16 years old. The survey was conducted in June 2016 among 251 students attending middle schools in Szczecin (115 boys and 136 girls). The survey consisted of completing an anonymous questionnaire about eating habits and food intake that affect the formation of dental caries. The obtained results indicate a frequent occurrence among the young people of behaviors and food choices that contribute to the development of dental caries. These included the lack of regularity in eating meals (declared by 57.3% of respondents), frequent snacking between meals (declared by 72.8% of students), frequent eating sweets and sweetened products and drinking sweet beverages. Girls were characterized by less correct nutritional habits compared to boys, rarely ate the recommended amount of food, ate less regularly, drank less amount of fluids. While boys made worse dietary choices: they rarely than girls ate wholemeal bread, more often chose sweet cereal flakes, sweet yogurt and kefir and more often drink sweet drinks. Taking into account the observed irregularities, consisting of a significant number of improper eating behaviors affecting the cariogenicity of the diet, schoolchildren should be especially careful to take care of oral hygiene and participate in nutrition education. Additionally, dentists and dieticians should pay attention to the significance of good dietary habits in preventing dental caries and encourage their patients to correct their dietary habits that exacerbate dentition and periodontium diseases.Pozycja Open Access Influence of the Degree of Ejaculate Dilution on the Results of the Assessment of Motility of Sperm of Breeding Bulls Obtained by Two Methods(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Mizera, Alicja; Kuczaj, Marian; Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; Institute of Animal Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, PolandThe experiment carried out aimed to examine the effectiveness of two methods of assessment of the parameters of sperm motility in thawed semen depending on the degree of its dilution. The semen was collected from 12 Simmental breeding bulls using an artificial vagina. Semen samples were pre-evaluated in terms of volume, colour, pH, viability, concentration and motility and then combined into one pooled sample to eliminate individual differences, cooled to 4°C, packed in 0.25 ml straw and frozen in liquid nitrogen, stored in a container at –196°C. Next they were thawed, divided into samples A, B and C, and subsequently diluted 1 : 10 (sample A), 1 : 20 (sample B) and 1 : 30 (sample C) and selected motion parameters were evaluated using conventional microscopic method and computer-aided (CASA). The obtained results were analysed statistically. The total sperm movement analysed by two methods in all tested samples differed significantly (p < 0.05). The spermatozoa progressive movement studied by the CASA system differed significantly from the one tested using the conventional method at dilution 1 : 20 and 1 : 30 (p < 0.05). The obtained results of the progressive movement at 1 : 10 dilution using both methods did not differ significantly. Studies have shown that mobility analysis carried out using the CASA system was characterized by greater accuracy and reproducibility of results than the conventional microscopic method. Moreover, the results of the following studies indicate the relationship between the degree of sperm dilution and the reproducibility of results.Pozycja Open Access Evaluation of Content of Selected Macro- and Micronutrients in Edible Parts in Wintering Onion Cultivated for Bunches(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Rekowska, Ewa; Jurga-Szlempo, Barbara; Żurawik, Agnieszka; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandAn advantage of overwintering onion in the field is the possibility of earlier supply of fresh, field-cultivated onion to the market. Many experiments with onion wintering in the fields have been conducted in Poland recently. Earlier market supply of fresh onion grown in the field is an undoubted advantage of that method. Early onions with green leaves foliage is an attractive vegetable and is characterized by greater biological value than onion stored for a long time. It is a very rich source of components important in human nutrition. The aim of the research was to evaluate content of macronutrients: total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur as well as selected micronutrients (manganese, iron, copper and zinc) in edible parts (leaves foliage and bulb) of wintering onion cultivar Amigo F1 depending on the method of cultivation (growing under polypropylene non-woven covering and without covers – control object). On the basis of obtained results, different content of mineral components depending on kind of eatable part of plant was found. Significantly higher content of total nitrogen (on the average 28.73 g - ka–1 d.m.), potassium (on the average 42.22 g - kg–1 d.m.), calcium (8.77 g - kg–1 d.m.), magnesium (on the average 2.21 g - kg–1 d.m.) and sulphur (3.37 g - kg–1 d.m.) was found in leaves foliage in comparison with unripe bulbs. Also significantly higher content of manganese (on the average 28.97 mg -kg–1 d.m.), iron (459.85 mg - kg–1 d.m.) and copper (on the average 6.67 mg - kg–1 d.m.) was found in leaves foliage than in bulbs. Method of winter onion cultivation with plants covering with non-woven PP 17 affected the increase of content of magnesium, sulphur, manganese, iron and copper in comparison with method of cultivation without covers.Pozycja Open Access The Multiannual Variability in the Occurrence of the Temperature Indices in the Pyrzycko-Stargardzka Plain Mesoregion(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Mąkosza, Agnieszka; Rawicki, Kacper; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, West Pomeranian Research Centre in Szczecin, PolandDays with air temperature (maximum or minimum) exceeding a specific threshold values constitute the grounds for analysing extreme temperature indices. Such days are the fundamental thermal characteristics of an area under analysis. Days with particularly low or high air temperature are relevant to various spheres of life, including human health and life and economy. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the variability and frequency of temperature indices occurrence in the Pyrzycko-Stargardzka Plain mesoregion in the period 1961–2015. The source material used in this study included maximum and minimum 24-hour air temperatures as recorded at agrometeorological station in Lipnik – located in the central part of the Plain. The classification created by Kossowska-Cezak (2014) was adopted to determine days with particular temperature indices. It was found that days with given temperature thresholds were recorded more frequently (24.0%) in a cold part of a year, than those characteristic for a warm part (8.9%). The results indicate a statistically significant negative trend in the total number of frost days, cold days, very cold days and a positive trend in the total number of days described as hot, very hot and extremely hot days. The most apparent statistically significant decrease was found for cold days (3.6 per 10 years), and increase for hot days (2.3 per 10 years). In the analysed period the most frequent were frost days (62.4) and hot days (26.7). Annualy, 15.7 nights with particular temperature indices were recorded – mostly classified as warm nights. The analysis showed a statistically significant increase (by 2.5 per 10 years) in the number of nights with particular temperature indices.Pozycja Open Access Alleviating Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Lead Toxicity in Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) in Vitro(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Kruczek, Arleta; Pelc, Justyna; Smolik, Beata; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandLead (Pb) is the most common heavy metal pollutant in the environment. The objective of the presented study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of exogenous 1 mM ASA on key growth and biochemical parameters in Lycium barbarum seedlings under heavy metal (Pb(NO3)2) stress in vitro. Nodal cutting with an axillaries bud were used as an explants. The results showed that lead accumulation in goji explants had negative influence on morphological parameters of plant growth, such as shoot and root length. Lead caused a significant reduction in chlorophylls and carotenoid content, increased lipid peroxidation and induced significant accumulation of proline in goji leaves. Addition to MS medium 1 mM ASA greatly alleviated Pb-induced growth inhibition and Pb-induced MDA and proline accumulation. Presence of ASA in the MS medium under heavy metal stress increased plant fresh and dry mass with no significant effect on plant water content.Pozycja Open Access Contamination of Bioaerosol in the Confectionery Facility with Enterobacteriaceae Members(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Kręcidło, Magdalena; Krzyśko-Łupicka, Teresa; Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, Poland; Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, PolandGood manufacturing practice includes a monitoring of purity in the production environment. It is important to estimate the source of microbial contamination and the influence of microclimatic conditions on changes in the microbial population of the air. The aim of study was to assess the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in composition of bacteriological bioaerosol from technological halls during production. The study were conducted in the confectionary facility in two technological halls (H.1, H.2) during production. In each hall, where the different stages of production were ran and various number of workers were worked, was determined 7 sampling sites. The air samples were taken by volumetric method with using MAS-100 impactor. Petri dishes were incubated in the standard conditions for the aerobic bacteria (22°C, 72 h). Isolates were stained by Gram’s technique and the members of Enterobacteriaceae were diversified by analysis the biochemical properties. Two-way ANOVA tests were performed to analyse numer of bacteria as a function of sampling site and production hall. The results were given as CFU ∙ 1 m–3 of air. Statistical analysis were performed in the R Studio. The number of workers had positive correlations with the concentrations of bacterial bioaerosols. Enterobacteriaceae dominated in the sectors with the higher number of workers i.e. in sector hand – sorting and packaging of finished products.Pozycja Open Access Seasonal Changes in Occurrence of Fusarium Isolates in Grain Warehouses(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Kręcidło, Łukasz; Krzyśko-Łupicka, Teresa; Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, Poland; Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, PolandCereal grains on global scale provide more energy than other types of crops. They are a rich in carbohydrates and are the main source of this nutritional substances. Cereal and products made of it supply half of daily carbohydrate intake for average person. Over 80% of the worldwide grain production constitutes maize, wheat and rice. The main crops cultivated in Poland are wheat, rye, barley, oat and maize, because there are most conformed to the climate. The chain of agri-food production might be divided into three stages: the cultivation period, storage time and processing activities. At each of these stages there are different hazards in the production process including mycological contaminations. An severe issue is the contamination by the Fusarium species and production of mycotoxins by them. Fusarium species are capable of infecting the cultivated crops and may lead to decline the grain quality. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of contamination of grains and the storage area by Fusarium species during four storage periods. The study was conducted in four periods of research in two warehouses. The analysis included following assessments: the composition of the mycological bioaerosol from the warehouses, the number of microorganisms on the walls of the warehouses, the number of fungi in the fraction which settle on the surfaces of the warehouses and the microbiological quality of stored grain. Fusarium species were an insignificant part of the isolates from the surfaces of the warehouses. Microbiological quality of stored grain depended on the raw material and was different in each of the warehouses. The degree of grain contamination by Fusarium species decreased during the storage period.Pozycja Open Access Formation of Terpenes in Grapes and Wines(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Kostrz, Magdalena; Satora, Paweł; Department of Fermentation Technology and Technical Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland; Department of Fermentation Technology and Technical Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, PolandQualitative and quantitative composition of volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages depends mainly on the type and quality of raw materials and yeasts but also on conditions of fermentation, wine aging and storage of final products. Aroma compounds can give pleasant smell and taste or deteriorate organoleptic properties of wines. Volatile compounds are formed in biological, enzymatic and chemical processes as well as under thermal conditions throughout ethanol fermentation processes. Esters, aldehydes, higher alcohols, organic acids, and poorly examined - terpenes are the most important aroma compounds in alcoholic beverages. Some of terpenoids were found only in grape juice, while during fermentation concentration of these compounds were diminished to the undetectable level. The most common terpenes in wines are nerol (associated with citrus, magnolia aroma), citronellol (rose aroma), geraniol (with pleasant rose, geranium aroma), limonene (orange, citrus aroma), linalool (associated with floral, herbal, lavender), citral (with smell of citrus) and β-ionone (with pleasant seaweed, violet, flower, raspberry).Pozycja Open Access The Use of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Diagnosis of Horse Diseases(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Jania, Bartosz; Wyganowska, Amelia; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of the study was to use serum protein electrophoresis for a preliminary evaluation of the physiological condition of horses and detection of potential diseases. The serum electropherogram of healthy horses is characterized by a lack of a prealbumin zone, and 6 different bands can be observed: albumin, α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ-globulin. Numerous pathological states in horses, including liver diseases, innate or acquired immune deficiencies, enteropathies and nephropathies associated with protein loss, local or systemic infections, cancers, and parasites can cause changes in the albumin fraction and globulin concentration. The serum protein level can also change significantly in the case of equine babesiosis. In the horses tested the serum content of albumins and three globulin fractions with their subfractions were determined. The total protein concentration and the ratio of albumins to total globulins (A/G) were determined. Serum protein electrophoresis in horses can be recommended as a screening test for qualitative detection of abnormalities in the major proteins and as an important supplement to detailed calculation of serum proteins.Pozycja Open Access Roadside Tree-Lined Alleys in Wolin Commune Open Landscape. Part I(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Dusza-Zwolińska, Elżbieta; Gamrat, Renata; Saran, Edyta; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandIn the years 2016–2017, dendrological and landscape studies were carried out in the selected area of the Wolin commune. Five alleys with a total length of 16 km between the forest ecological corridor and the Szczecin Lagoon were selected for the study. The aim of the study was to confirm the fulfilment of the natural and protective functions of these trees in the definition of ecological areas. The compositional-spatial features of the roadside have also been analysed. The study trails consisted of seven tree species ranging from 100 m to 1800 m, the most numerous of which were Acer platanoides (458) and Quercus robur (258). In terms of natural values, Acer platanoides (24–30 points) and Tilia cordata (23–27) gained the highest values, among the alleys – planting no II (26 points), I (22), III and V (20). The absence of traces of devastation of roadside trees and the presence of 15 wind turbines, would indicate a high ecological awareness of farmers and understanding for the use of renewable energy. Assessed ecological functions of alleys and their location indicated on their significant contribution to the conservation of biodiversity and protective functions. The health condition of the investigated alleys points out no significant threat factors. Biometric measurements of trees in the analysed alleys showed that the tree-lined roadside meets the requirements of ecological areas. Despite of the presence of wind turbines, which are strong visual dominant, the value of the studied area was highly valued, mainly due to the compositional and landscape diversity.