Wydanie 293(21) 2012
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Pozycja Open Access Liczebność drobnoustrojów w glebach skażonych olejem napędowym i poddawanych procesowi fitoremediacji(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Hawrot-Paw, Małgorzata; Nowak, Andrzej; Beker, Paulina; Zakład Mikrobiologii i Biotechnologii Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Mikrobiologii i Biotechnologii Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Mikrobiologii i Biotechnologii Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe paper presents results of research evaluating the influence of the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with diesel fuel on the numbers of the three main taxonomic groups of soil microflora. Two species of plants have been used in studies: red fescue (Festuca rubra) varieties Areta and red clover (Trifolium pratense) varieties Nike. Quite variable factors in the experiment was also the soil type and incubation time. It was found that microorganisms showed different sensitivity in the presence of diesel fuel in the soil and remediation treatments. Stimulatory effect of phytoremediation was reported There has been stimulating effect phytoremediation for bacteria and actinomycetes in sandy soil and unclear reaction for fungi, irrespective of plant species and soil type used in the experiment.Pozycja Open Access Porównanie wybranych kinetycznych modeli zanikania herbicydów w glebie(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Gregorczyk, Andrzej; Swarcewicz, Maria; Katedra Agronomii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Syntezy Organicznej i Technologii Leków, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe aim of the paper was to used of three types of mathematical function: the single first-order degradation kinetics (SFO), Gustafson and Holden model (FOMC) and the simple linear bi-phase model, for quantification of the fate of pesticides in soil. For instance data from laboratory study of dissipation of atrazine in soil was used. Numerical methods using for estimate of structural coefficients of degradation models of this herbicide. For every models assessed the values of 50, 90 and 100% dissipation time of substance active. Mathematical equations and figures of first derivative of functions were presented as the analysis of atrazine degradation process. Accomplishment of estimate adequately of using models. To the last degree of the kinetics criterions of degradation of substance active and the statistics criterions make good the Gustafson and Holden model. In this work find that analysis of degradation rate is valuable of study integration of kinetics degradation herbicides in soil.Pozycja Open Access Porównanie zdolności konkurencyjnych w stosunku do chwastów oraz plonów ziarna pszenicy orkisz (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) z odmianami pszenicy zwyczajnej (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare) w ekologicznym systemie produkcji(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata; Zakład Systemów i Ekonomiki Produkcji Roślinnej, Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 PuławyThe aim of the study was to assess the competitive potential against weeds and grain yield of spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as compared to varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare) under organic farming conditions. The study was conducted in the years 2005–2007 at the Experimental Station of IUNG – PIB in Osiny (Lublin province), on a field used in organic way since 1994. The varieties of spelt wheat: Schwabenkorn (2005 and 2007) and R12 (2006) and varieties of common wheat: Kobra, Mewa, old variety Ostka Kazimierska were cultivated. Species composition, number of weeds and their dry matter were assessed in tillering and dough stage. Biometric analysis of wheat plants and plant canopy architecture were also done. The smallest dry matter of weeds in dough stage was recorded in spelt wheat Schwabenkorn, old variety of common wheat – Ostka Kazimierska and modern variety – Mewa. High competitive potential against weeds of spelt Schwabenkorn and Ostka Kazimierska was associated with the morphological features such as the biggest height, tillering, leaf area and leaf area index (LAI). The smallest ability to compete with weeds and the higher level of weed infestation was noted in Kobra and spelt R12. Despite of the favorable parameters of growth and development of spelt Schwabenkorn and Ostka Kazimierska, affecting their competitiveness against weeds, they have small yielding potential. The average grain yields of modern varieties: Kobra and Mewa were about 4 t · ha–1 in organic system.Pozycja Open Access Reakcja wybranych odmian żyta ozimego na stres wywołany różnymi czynnikami abiotycznymi(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Smolik, Beata; Zakład Biochemii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe pot experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions. The soil used in experiment was loamy sand with 1.2% of organic carbon. To individual soil samples the following solutions were added 2.5 mM Pb(NO3)2 (207 mg Pb+2), 30 mM NaF (570.0 F– ), 0.05 mM H2SeO3 (3,95 Se4+), aqueous emulsion of Izoturon 500 SC herbicide in an amount of 6.5 mm3 · kg–1 soil. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of chosen pollutants on biometric parameters and SOD activity in three winter rye cultivars. Substances applied to the soil significantly reduced growth, fresh weight and superoxide dismutase activity in three winter rye cultivars planted in contaminated soil in comparison with control plants. Rye cultivars were characterized by different tolerance to chosen substances. It was found that cultivar ‘Chrobre’ was more sensitive to introduced pollutants than ‘Skat’ and ‘Dańkowskie Diamant’.Pozycja Open Access Seed Germination and Plant Development of Bletilla Striata in Vitro(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Kulpa, Danuta; Katroń, Joanna; Department of Plant Genetic, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology; Department of Plant Genetic, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of TechnologyCelem badań było opracowanie metody kiełkowania nasion in vitro i regeneracji chińskiej rośliny leczniczej – bletilii pasiastej (Bletilla striata). Stwierdzono, że do kiełkowania nasion tego storczyka w kulturach in vitro najbardziej odpowiednia jest poźywka Knudson "C" (Knudson 1946) bez dodatku roślinnych regulatorów wzrostu. Kiełkujące w kulturach in vitro siewki winny być regenerowane na podłoźu według Knudsona (1946) z dodatkiem 0,2 mg · dm–3 NAA. Zregenerowane rośliny, wysadzone w podłoźe firmy Hollas, są zdolne do wzrostu w warunkach szklarniowych.Pozycja Open Access Wykorzystanie biomasy rdestowca ostrokończystego (Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.) do celów energetycznych(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Gregorczyk, Andrzej; Wereszczaka, Jacek; Stankowski, Sławomir; Katedra Agronomii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Agronomii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Agronomii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieIn the field experiment conducted in 2006–2008 years, the influence of harvest number (one or two) and levels of nitrogen initial fertilization: (25, 50, 75, 100 kg N · ha–1 ) on dry matter, calorific value, and ash of the Japanese knotweed plants was estimated. The energetic effectiveness index was calculated, also. Application of initial nitrogen doses had no significant effect on final dry matter yields of plants. Planning multi-year utilization of knotweed as a renewable source of energy one harvest during autumn- winter time seemed to be best. High biomass yields of Japanese knotweed (mean 9.84 t · ha–1) and great calorific value (16–17 MJ · kg–1), indicate that is a possibility for utilization this plant as an energetic plant (Ee = 8.27).Pozycja Open Access Właściwości chemiczne gliniastych gleb uprawnych o zróżnicowanej rzeźbie terenu z uwzględnieniem zbiorowisk roślinnych po piętnastu latach odłogowania. Cz. II. Zbiorowiska roślinne w obrębie wierzchowiny, zbocza i w obniżeniu(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowski, Ryszard; Niedźwiedzki, Edward; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieAfter a period of 15 years, 17 phytosociological relevés were taken in 2006, on a slope top, on a slope and in a ground lowering area within the soils formed from loam. In 1993 (the first year of fallowing), segetal communities were observed on the slope, on the slope top and in the ground lowering. The slope and the slope top were settled by phytocoenoses of the Aphano-Matricarietum consolidetosum subassociation with a considerable contribution to them of the species of the Sisymbrietalia order. Whereas in the ground lowering, a typical subassociation Aphano-Matricarietum occurred. After 15 years no species characteristic of the subassociation and the association present in 1993 were recorded. In the process of the secondary succession a gramineous community Convolvulo arvensis-Agropyretum repentis appeared. In a part of this syntaxon, mainly on the slope top, a variant with Arrhenatherum elatius, and on the slope a variant with an aggressive species Calamagrostis epigejos were distinguished. In the ground lowering, dominating are the species characteristic of the Ranunculo-Alopecuretum geniculati association: Ranunculus repens, Agrostis stolonifera and Agrostis geniculatus of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. In both communities the species of scrub communities Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna and forest communities Fraxinus excelsior also occur, however, less frequently. The seeds of the latter species spread anemochorically on the studied area from the adjacent roadside plants. The presence of these species indicates the taking place process of an ecological succession leading towards the formation of scrub communities.Pozycja Open Access Właściwości chemiczne gliniastych gleb uprawnych o zróżnicowanej rzeźbie terenu z uwzględnieniem zbiorowisk roślinnych po piętnastu latach odłogowania. Część I. Właściwości chemiczne gleb(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Malinowski, Ryszard; Niedźwiedzki, Edward; Kutyna, Ignacy; Meller, Edward; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe fifteen year period of the fallowing of a loamy soil of a differentiated land relief caused an increase, as compared with the results of the studies carried out in 1994, in the soil acidity in all the studied elements of the relief. After such a long period of fallowing, no distinct changes were observed in humus resources, in the C : N ratio and in the content of available phosphorus. Whereas the resources of available potassium and magnesium increased in the soil layer up to a depth of 60 cm.Pozycja Open Access Zbiorowiska muraw kserotermicznych i piaskowych na krawędzi doliny Odry w Owczarach(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Kutyna, Ignacy; Drewniak, Ewa; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Klub Przyrodników w Świebodzinie, Stacja Terenowa Owczary 17, 69-113 Górzyca; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieEcological and phytosociological studies concerning plant communities carried out in: Protected Area "Owczary", Ecological Arable Lands "Owczary I and II" and "Laski I and II" as well as within Nature Reserve "Pamięcin" situated in Owczary or in its neighbourhood. 49 phytosociological relevés were taken on xerothermic and psammophilous grasslands. Four communities in the rank of associations were distinguished. Phytocenoses of the Potentillo- -Stipetum capillatae association - stipa grassland, are found on S and SW slopes, mainly on soils formed from light loam of alkaline reaction, containing calcium carbonate. Similar soils are settled by phytocenoses of Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati, occurring on slopes and slope tops of hills. They are a dominant community in the studied area. In the patches of association there are practically no characteristic species of the Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae association. The species of the Festucetalia valesiacae order and taxa characteristic of the Sileno otitis- -Festucetum association are also less frequent. Within grasslands lying on sand two communities were recognised, Sileno otitis-Festucetum and Diantho-Armerietum elongatae. Phytocenoses of both associations are mainly settled on sandy soils of alkaline reaction (Sileno otitis-Festucetum) and acid and slightly acid reaction (Diantho-Armerietum elongatae). Among 124 recorded species in plant communities there are taxa under strict species protection: Anthericum liliago, Campanula sibirica, C. bononiensis, Orobanche lutea, Oxytropis pilosa, Scorzonera purpurea, Stipa joannis and S. capillata. They are also settled by species which are under partial species protection: Helichrysum arenarium, Primula veris and Ononis spinosa. Except for protected species in communities, there are a series of rare species that are in danger of extinction: Asperula tinctoria, Carex humilis, Eryngium campestre, Hieracium echioides, Prunella grandiflora and Thesium linophyllum.Pozycja Open Access Zróżnicowanie morfologii oraz właściwości gleb leśnych i ornych położonych w strefie czołowomorenowej Pomorza Zachodniego(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Chudecka, Justyna; Tomaszewicz, Tomasz; Zakład Rekultywacji i Chemii Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Rekultywacji i Chemii Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieDifferently used soils from two adjacent slopes on the area with young glacial relief of Western Pomerania have been investigated. The morphology and properties of soils used in agriculture were shaped by erosion. On convex parts of slope, the lessive eroded soils have been occurred, depleted of humus and thus more susceptible to physical degradation and destruction of structure. On the concave parts of slope, the delluvial soil have been occurred, created as the result of deposition of material displaced from higher-lying parts of slope, rich in organic matter and more resistant to physical degradation and destruction of structure. All the arable soils were characterized by relatively high values of pHKCl and base saturation (BS). In forest, on the summit and convex slope the typical lessive soils have been found but in the subsidences – the delluvial humouse. Regardless of location, the forest soils were more affluent in organic matter and resistant to physical degradation and destruction of structure. The measured values of pHKCl and BS, significantly lower than in agricultural soils, have indicated the washing of profiles, occurring in conditions of good soil infiltration.