FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2016
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Pozycja Open Access Alport syndrome – a rare kidney disease of domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kania, Agata; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Mikuła, Małgorzata; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life SciencesAlport syndrome is a rare, hereditary renal disease which is the result of a lack of one chain of type IV collagen (α3, α4, and α5). Type IV collagen is a basic structural component of the glomerular basement membrane. Alport syndrome has been reported in humans, mice and domestic dogs. Mutations in COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes are both of recessive and dominant type; however, the most common mutations in COLL4A5 gene are linked to X sex chromosome. These mutations render the synthesis of (α3, α4, α5) chain impossible, thus the resulting type IV collagen does not have its proper structure and filtration of plasma is impaired, leading to progressive renal insufficiency and failure. With the current state of medical knowledge the only therapy, delaying the pathological processes, is limited to dialysis and kidney transplantation. This paper presents information on symptoms of Alport syndrome, as well as genetic basis and molecular effects of mutations causing the disease. It also offers dog breeders some advice, based on the available literature, in order to facilitate making the right breeding decisions.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of fluoride, dry matter contents and pH in sediments and surface water of Nowogardzkie lake(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Szydłowski, Kamil; Stręk, Michał; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was to determine the impact of adjacent terrain usage on the fluoride content in sediments and others important ecological indicators. All of results applies to bottom sediments and surface water from Nowogardzkie Lake. The lake is partly within the Nowogard agglomeration and partly within farmlands. The total number of collected samples was 19 from sediments and 5 from surface water. The all samples were collected in January 2016. Higher concentrations of fluoride and organic matter content were recorded in agricultural adjacent area and pH of sediments was higher in city area. There was correlation between fluoride content in sediments and organic matter content. There was also negative correlation betwen pH in sediments and organic matter content.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of influence farming systems on chemical composition of four variety of triticale winter (xTriticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) grain(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Gibczyńska, Marzena; Dawidowski, Andrzej; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Jaroszewska, Anna; Lewandowska, Leokadia; Department of General and Ecological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Grupa Azoty Zakłady Chemiczne „Police” SA, Police; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of General and Ecological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the study carried out on the basis of a field experiment was to compare results obtained during cultivation of winter triticale in the organic and conventional farming systems. Comparing these two systems (organic with conventional), changes in the content of macroelements (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium), and microelements (manganese, iron, zinc and copper) were analyzed in the triticale grain. The study involved four triticale varieties: Benetto, Cultivo, Grenado, and Moderato. The field experiment was performed in 2010–2011 at The National Research Institute for Fisheries Affairs Mecklenburg – Vorpommern in Gulzow, Germany. Grain of all triticale varieties grown in an organic systems contained more phosphorus and magnesium. Compared tillage systems did not differentiate calcium and potassium in grain of triticale Benetto, Cultivo, Grenado, and Moderato varieties. No relationship was found between the total content of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium vs. cultivars. The total potassium content in triticale grain was differentiated by the varietal factor. The triticale grain of all tested varieties (Benetto, Cultivo, Grenado, and Moderato) grown in organic system was characterized by higher – by ten or so per cents – iron, zinc, manganese, and copper contents as compared to the conventional systems.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of renal expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in growing piglets fed a diet supplemented with inulin –type fructans. A pilot study(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Michałek, Katarzyna; Medeńska, Weronika; Pietrzak, Sandra; Staśkiewicz, Łukasz; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences JabłonnaA diet enriched with inulin-type fructans has multidirectional, beneficial health effects for both humans and animals. The benefits of such a modified diet include increased intestinal absorption of micro- and macrominerals, including magnesium (Mg2+). It is generally known that Mg2+ is involved in many biological processes, and a disruption of its homeostasis during the growth and development may result in a number of adverse changes. Maintaining the proper balance of Mg2+ involves many mechanisms and factors, among them the recently identified protein TRPM6 and TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastin 6 and 7). Since the available literature lacks any information about TRPM6 and TRPM7 in farm animals, including swine, we have undertaken this research aimed at identification of these proteins in the kidney of growing piglets and analysis of the impact of diets supplemented with inulin-type fructans on their expressions. The study was performed on 16 male, PIC x Penarlan P76 crossbred piglets. Animals were divided into two groups: the control was fed a standard diet and the treatment group was fed a diet supplemented with 3% aqueous solution of inulin-type fructans. As a result of the study, using Western blotting, we found TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the kidneys of growing piglets. We also found that renal expression of TRPM6 increased in the animals treated with a diet supplemented with inulin-type fructans. Expression of TRPM7, on the other hand, did not change. The increase in TRPM6 expression in the supplement-treated animals presumably contributed to an increased renal retention of Mg2+. The changes in the expression of TRPM6 seem to be a positive effect of the dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of the effect of the order of calving, calf sex and milk yield of cows on growth parameters of limousin calves(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Wróbel, Agnieszka; Cioch, Cioch; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was taken in the farm located in West Pomerania province where Limousine cattle in purity of breed were kept. The study included a total of 226 Limousine calves in purity of breed, which were born between 2011 and 2014. Data relating to the rearing of calves were obtained from breeding documentation carried out on the farm. Aim of work was to analyze the effect of order of calving, calf sex and milk yield of cows on growth parameters of Limousin calves. Analysis showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) impact of subsequent calving on birth weight of calves. Calves born in the first calving achieved a significantly lower birth weight (32.4 kg) than calves born in next calving (2–4) (respectively, 36.5 kg, 37.3 kg, 37.9 kg). In the case of weaning weight and daily gains were found significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between bulls and heifers. These factors in bulls were: 267.3 kg and 1093.3 g, while in heifers, respectively, 256.3 kg, 1048.7 g. There has been a significant impact of milk yield of cows on weaning weight and daily gains of calves. Calves whose mothers were characterized by higher milk yield (> 2000 kg) gained respectively 268.3 kg weaning weight and daily gain 1000.5 g. In the group of calves whose mothers were characterized by a lower milk yield (1501–2000 kg), these factors were respectively 244.8 kg and 993.2 g.Pozycja Open Access Assessment of agro-meteorological conditions of the vegetation period in 2015 in the Szczecin lowland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Rawicki, Kacper; Mąkosza, Agnieszka; Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, West Pomeranian Research Centre in Szczecin; Department of Meteorology and Green Areas Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe present study presents the analysis of thermal and pluviometric conditions on the basis of selected agro-meteorological indices in the vegetation period (IV–X) in 2015 in the Szczecin Lowland against the reference period of 1961–2014. With the use of the results of automatic measurements of air temperature, the following were identified: the beginning, the end and duration of vegetation period, as well as the sum of effective temperatures above the 5oC threshold. Additionally, the months were thermally classified according to Lorenc (2000) and the pluviometric conditions were assessed with the use of standardised precipitation index (SPI). It was found that in 2015 in the Szczecin Lowland, the thermal vegetation period lasted for 257 days with the date of beginning 19th of March, and the ending date 30th November. Therefore, the period was by 26 days longer than the average and fourth in terms of length as compared with the reference multi-year period. As compared to thermal conditions till the second half of the 1990s, the vegetation period under analysis was marked by high heat resources – the resources were average in comparison to the last several years. However, according to thermal classification, the period was characterised by average thermal conditions, yet the shortage of precipitation resulted in severe atmospheric drought as defined by the values of SPI index. The most unfavorable weather conditions were recorded in August which was marked by abnormally warm thermal conditions and extreme atmospheric drought.Pozycja Open Access Biology and parasitology of european beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) – selected issues(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Sikorowski, Karol; Niemiec, Tomasz; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Makarski, Mateusz; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Paśko, Sławomir; Koczoń, Piotr; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences,; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Warsaw University of Technology; Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life SciencesBeavers are known as biggest rodents leaving in Europe and North America. Two species are included in beaver family: eurpoean beaver (Castor fiber, L.1758) and candian beaver (Castor canadensis, Kuhl 1820). In ancient times beavers existed in whole Europe and in the part of Asia, while their population in Europe decreased systematically from IX century on due to extensive hunts. Consequently, in the end of XIX century only few beavers groups existed in Europe. Within after second world war Poland numerically 130 specimens of European beaver were present. Since then on active protection of this species has started including many environmental programs. It resulted in systematic increase of beaver specimens. Currently beavers came back to their previous regions and some new regions are occupied as well. Their amount reaches over 89000 specimens. This manuscript presents detailed structure of beavers body and their physiology allowing to leave In both water and on land. Beavers natural feed, digestive track, digestive process are described as well. Issues related to reproduction and bringing up are described too. Natural predators are presented. Inside and outside parasites with their action are presented.Pozycja Open Access Characterization of selected techniques of maceration bones of Gallus gallus domesticus(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kempa, Kamila; Kulawik, Mirosława; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Jakubowski, Mikołaj; Skubis, Jacek; Koczoń, Piotr; Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Organic and Food Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, WarsawFive carcasses of domestic hens Gallus gallus domesticus were starting material for this study. Three carcasses were thermally treated to obtain all parts of skeleton. One set of initial material was placed in water solution of washing powder i.e. Persil®, second one was placed in 5% hydrogen peroxide water solution, the third one was dried in room temperature. Fourth was enzymatic macerated in washing powder solution Persil® of the temperature 50°C. The last one was macerated chemically with use of 3% sodium hydroxide solution. The conductance and effects of procedures applied were evaluated. Results showed boiling to be the shortest and enzymatic process to be the longest procedure to prepare bones of desired quality. Bright material was obtained after both boiling and whitening in 5% hydrogen peroxide and enzymatic process. Chemical maceration produced brown elements of skeleton, however joints remained undamaged. Yet, enzymatic maceration was accompanied with unpleasant odour. The selection of procedure to obtain skeleton depends mainly on desired use of final product as well as the technical capabilities.Pozycja Open Access Colonization of selected rose varieties by pests and pathogens(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Adamska, Iwona; Dzięgielewska, Magdalena; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe occurrence of pests and microscopic fungi on roses in the “Rożanka” City Garden in Szczecin was investigated in the years 2014–2015. Rosa thea hybrida (varieties ‘Alchymist’, ‘Aspirin Rose’, ‘Blaze Superior’, ‘Carina’, ‘Die Welt’, ‘Fairy’, ‘Flamingo’, ‘Flammentanz’, ‘Gloria Dei’, ‘Goldstern’, ‘Ingrid Bergman’, ‘Mr Lincoln’, ‘Muttertag Orange’, ‘Santana’ and ‘Sommerwind’), R. x centifolia (‘Petit De Holand’ variety) and R. rugosa were selected for analysis. Species composition and colonization degree by pests and by fungi were evaluated. Colonization degree depended on the rose variety, observation date and presence of other biological factors. An antagonism between pests and microscopic fungi was detected. R. ‘Ingrid Bergman’ was a variety least inhabited by pests and fungi.Pozycja Open Access Comparison of growth, bulbs yield and nutrient content of Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt., E. bicolor Baker and E. comosa (Houtt.) Wehrh. grown in a greenhouse as pot plants(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Salachna, Piotr; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinEucomis species are a relatively new pot plants with potential for expansion. The aim of the study was to compare the growth, flowering, bulbs yield and macronutrients content of three species: Eucomis autumnalis, E. bicolor and E. comosa. The experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in a greenhouse. The bulbs were planted in 18 cm diameter pots containing a deacidified peat, supplemented with a fertilizer Hydrocomplex. Of all the species tested, E. autumnalis had the least leaves, flowered earliest and produced the highest number of adventitious bulbs. E. bicolor had the highest number of leaves, produced longer and wider inflorescences and the least number of adventitious bulbs as compared to the other two species. E. comosa was characterized by the largest diameter of adventitious bulbs and the highest potassium content in the leaves. The analysis of the macronutrient composition of three Eucomis species showed that the leaves contained more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium than the bulbs.Pozycja Open Access Dioxins – their influence on human health and the contamination of products of animal origin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Różewicz, Marcin; Bombik, Elżbieta; Janocha, Alina; Łagowska, Katarzyna; Bednarczyk, Małgorzata; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesDioxins represent a group of compounds that are toxic to both humans and animals. Due to their enormous persistence, dioxins accumulate in the environment and organisms on each level of the food chain. For the sake of public health safety, all necessary measures should be taken in order to reduce the emission of dioxins to the environment. Laboratories should examine food for the presence of these substances and legal regulations on food safety standards should be introduced in terms of their tolerable concentrations in food products and animal feed. The aim of the study was to present the current state of knowledge on the toxicity of dioxins, how they threat human and animal health, what preventive measures and regulations are at place to protect consumers against products contaminated with dioxins.Pozycja Open Access Effect of application of enzymes to broiler diets containing rapeseed cakes on performance and postslaughter results(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Banaszkiewicz, Teresa; Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Department of Tourism and Recreation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of application of xylanase or xylanase and phytase to diets containing rapeseed cakes of ‘Kana cv.’ on performance, carcass traits, physico-chemical parameters of meat and bone and digestibility of diets. Experiment 1 (growth trial) was carried out on 90 one-day-old broilers Ross 308, which were divided into three groups. The chickens were fed diets that contained 15% (starter – 1–21 days) and 20% (grower – 22–42 days) of rapeseed cake. The control diet (RC) for first group was without enzymes, diet for second group RC(X) contained enzyme preparation with endo-1,4-β- xylanase at the level of 0.3 g ∙ kg–1 (min. 1000 FXU/g). The third diet – RC(X + PHY) contained xylanase and enzyme preparation contained phytase in the amount of 0.35 g ∙ kg–1 (min 2500 FYT/g). At the age of 42 days, six chickens from each group were slaughtered. In the experiment 2 (on 60 broilers) the digestibility of diets from the experiment 1 on broilers at 3 week of life (starter diets) and at 5 week (grower diets) was carried out. Obtained results showed the tendency to increase of body weight and decrease of feed conversion after application of enzymes to the wheat-rapeseed diets. Less content of skin with subcutaneous fat in carcasses of broilers fed diets with enzymes, significant in simultaneous introduced xylanase and phytase, and increase of protein content in leg muscles was stated. Simultaneous introduced of xylanase and phytase (non significant) increased the digestibility of total phosphorus in grower mixtures and the crude ash and total phosphorus contents in bones.Pozycja Open Access Effect of calcium peroxide on oxidoreductase activities in soil contaminated with gasoline and diesel oil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Stręk, Michał; Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology SzczecinThis paper presents the study on assessment of the effect of calcium peroxide on activity of chosen enzymes: dehydrogenases, catalase and o-diphenol oxidase in soil contaminated gasoline or diesel oil. Laboratory experiment was carried out on loamy sang with Corg content 8.7 g ・ kg–1. Into soil samples different combinations of gasoline or diesel oil (at the dosage of 50 g ・ kg–1) and calcium peroxide (at the amounts of 100 and 200 mg ・ kg–1) were added. Samples were adjusted to 60% maximum water holding capacity, and they were incubated for four weeks in tightly closed glass containers at temperature of 20°C. In soil treated with CaO2 and petroleum products, soil oxidoreductase activities were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 28. Soil contamination with gasoline decreased in all oxidoreductase activities, while contamination with diesel oil increased in dehydrogenases and caused slight changes in catalase and o-diphenol oxidase activity. Effect of CaO2 on oxidoreductase activities in soil uncontaminated and contaminated with gasoline and diesel oil proved diversified, and depended on enzyme, incubation time, type of petroleum product and calcium peroxide dosage. Application of CaO2 in soil contaminated with petroleum products caused mainly stimulation of dehydrogenases and catalase.Pozycja Open Access The effect of different doses of fertilisation with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen on seed yield of Dactylis glomerata L. of ‘Tukan’ variety(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kitczak, Teodor; Czyż, Henryk; Kirkiewicz, Anna; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was conducted at the Lipki Agricultural Experiment Station in Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński on acid brown soil formed of light glacial sand on clay (5 Bw pgl : pgm), which is characterised by low content of humus on Ap level (1.57–1.59%) and clay particles (11.9–12.4%). The field experiment was set up in split-plot system in four replications, with an area of a single plot of 12 m2. The study included two factors: I – doses of phosphorus and potassium (P + K kg . ha–1): 60 + 120 and 90 + 180, II – doses of nitrogen (N kg . ha–1): 0, 40, 80 and 120. The experiment was established in 2010 by sowing Dactylis glomerata seeds of ‘Tukan’ variety (8 kg . ha–1) in spring barley harvested for grain. The study included two years of seed collection (2011 and 2012). The study determined plant density in the years of full use, number of generative shoots per plant, inflorescence length, number of spikelets and seeds per inflorescence as well as seed and straw yield. Biometric observations were conducted in 25 randomly selected inflorescences from each plot. Seed and straw yield was determined on the area of each plot during seed harvest. Dactylis glomerata of ‘Tukan’ variety was characterised by higher level of yields in the first than in the second year of seed collection. The obtained results indicate, that when establishing a plantation on light soil with companion planting in spring barley, it is advisable to use 120 kg N, 60 kg P and 120 kg K . ha–1. The increased phosphorus-potassium fertilisation (90 kg P and 180 kg . ha–1) did not change the studied morphological features of plants (number of generative shoots per plant, length of inflorescence, number of spikelets and seeds per inflorescence), while fertilising with nitrogen in doses of 40, 80 and 120 kg . ha–1 had a positive effect on increasing the above mentioned features.Pozycja Open Access Effect of preharvest use of anti-cracking preparations on changes in selected parameters of sweet cherry fruits during frozen storage(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Mikiciuk, Grzegorz; Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Stręk, Michał; Płatkowski, Maciej; Statkiewicz, Małgorzata; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology SzczecinThis paper presents the study on comparison of the changes of dry weight content, total polyphenols content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity in sweet cherry fruit in frozen storage, depending on the used preharvest anti-cracking preparations. The study material was sweet cherry fruits of the ‘Burlat’ cultivar, that were treated with anti-cracking preparations. In fresh fruits and during their frozen storage at temperature –25°C (after 60, 120, and 180 days), the mentioned parameters were determined. The preharvest use of anti- -cracking preparations caused an increase in total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity was observed. In plant untreated anti-cracking preparations, decrease in antioxidant parameters were observed. The preharvest use of during frozen storage deepened the decrease of total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity but limited the changes in the content of dry weight and total polyphenols. The analysis of the kinetic degradation demonstrated that total flavonoid content was characterized by higher stability in the fruits, which were not treated with anti- -cracking preparations. An opposite trend was determined for total polyphenols content.Pozycja Open Access The effect of sludge compost on the content of selected elements in soil and in Lolium multiflorum Lam.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Malinowska, Elżbieta; Department of Grassland and Green Areas Creation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the paper, based on a two-year experiment set up in autumn 2012, is to assess the effects of different doses of municipal sewage sludge compost mixed with wheat straw on the content of selected chemical elements in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and in soil. The experimental design consisted of a control plot, a plot with NPK fertiliser and three plots with three different doses of municipal sewage sludge compost (5, 10 and 15 Mg of fresh matter ・ ha–1). During 2013 and 2014 seasons the grass was cut three times a year, after about a 30-day growing period. The content of Fe, Mn, Mo, Cr and Li in the soil and in the plant material, after dry mineralisation, was measured with the ICP-AES method. Compared to the control and to the plot treated with NPK fertilizer, compost made with sewage sludge and wheat straw significantly increased Fe, Mn, Mo, Cr and Li content in plants and in soil. The biggest amounts of those elements, with the exception of Mn, were found in Italian ryegrass with the mid dose of compost (10 Mg ・ ha–1). In the soil the highest dose of compost (15 Mg ・ ha-1) increased the content of Fe, Mo and Cr most, while the greatest amounts of Mn and Li were in the soil with the mid dose (10 Mg ・ ha–1).Pozycja Open Access The effect of soil tillage system and nitrogen fertilization on baking quality of winter spelt cultivars(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Hury, Grzegorz; Stankowski, Sławomir; Makarewicz, Artur; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Biel, Wioletta; Opatowicz, Natalia; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, Siedlce University of Natural Science and Humanities; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, SzczecinThe material for investigation were grain samples obtained from an experiment conducted in 2009–2011 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik, near Szczecin. The study compared 3 factors: two systems of soil tillage (reduced and conventional), 4 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg · ha–1) and 3 winter spelt cultivars (‘Franckenkorn’, ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’, ‘STH 12’). The quality and farinograph traits of grain, flour and dough were estimated. Soil tillage systems – reduced and conventional – practically had not effect on grain and flour quality. Significant difference was observed only for gluten content. Nitrogen fertilization influenced significantly most of the quality traits. The optimal nitrogen level was 100 kg N · ha–1. Only for gluten index and gluten weakening the highest values have been observed at control variant without nitrogen fertilization. There was no interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilization except for gluten index. Mean values of this trait for cultivars ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’ and ‘Franckenkorn’ was on the same level at different nitrogen dose. Gluten index for cultivar ‘STH 12’ decreased significantly at higher doses. The results of farinograph analyses indicate that cultivar with the best baking quality was ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’, while with the worst quality – ‘Franckenkorn’.Pozycja Open Access Effect of the feed additive effective microorganisms™ (EMTM) on milk and reproductive performance of polish holstein-fresian black-and-white cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Majsakowski, Wojciech; Cioch, Barbara; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was to evaluate the influence of using EMTM probiotics in dairy cattle feeding on production and reproductive performance and birth weight of calves. The present investigation was undertaken at a large commercial farm in West Pomerania province in 2010. 211 cows were chosen to determine the effect of EMTM probiotics on studied parameters. These cows were divided into two groups: Control Group (A) and Treatment Group (B). Group B were fed during first month of the experiment 150 ml/day/animal probiotics and in next months 75 ml/day/animal. In current work we analyzed chosen reproductive parameters (age at first calving and intercalving period) and milk performance in standard lactation. It has been noticed that cows in Group B in 1st lactation characterized higher milk yield, FCM, fat and protein yield [kg] and fat content (P ≤ 0.01) compared to Group A. In addition, during comparing both groups it was found that cows in Group B in 3rd lactation received the highest milk yield, FCM, fat and protein yield [kg]. Considering protein yield the result was significant (P ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, no significant differences were found for using EMTM probiotics on reproductive parameters and calves’ birth weight [kg].Pozycja Open Access Effect of the quaternary ammonium salts, tetraethylammonium halide on Rumex acetosa L., Chenopodium album L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav.: inhibition of growth and changes in assimilation pigments content in plants(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Biczak, Robert; Pawłowska, Barbara; Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa; Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Jan Długosz University in CzęstochowaOne of the main problems observed during plants cultivation is their destruction caused by harmful factors, which include, inter alia, the weeds. The group of troublesome weeds commonly occurring across Poland and in many regions of the world include Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Chenopodium album L. and Rumex acetosa L. Due to such wide dissemination, these plants may come into contact with a number of contaminants, including various chemical compounds that can get into the natural environment. This paper presents an effect of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) – tetraethylammonium chloride [TEA][Cl], tetraethylammonium bromide [TEA][Br] and tetraethylammonium iodide [TEA][I], introduced into the soil and applied as foliar spraying, on the growth and development of selected weed species. An application of examined compounds in the soil demonstrated that Chenopodium album L. was the plant the most sensitive to examined chemicals, and tetraethylammonium iodide was the compound with the highest phytotoxicity to the examined weeds. Phytotoxicity of the examined salts applied in the form of spraying was in turn dependent on QAS concentration and species of plants used in the experiment. This was reflected in an inhibition of the length of plants and their roots, as well as the changes in dry weight and photosynthetic pigments content.Pozycja Open Access The effect of tillage system and nitrogen fertilization on nutritional value of winter spelt wheat cultivars(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Biel, Wioletta; Hury, Grzegorz; Jaroszewska, Anna; Sadkiewicz, Józef; Stankowski, Sławomir; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of the Food Technology, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Department of the Food Technology, University of Science and Technology, BydgoszczThe field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, in Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński in 2009−2011. The experimental factors consisted of: tillage systems (simplified and plow), selected cultivars and strains of spelt (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’, ‘STH 8’, ‘STH 11’, ‘STH 12’), and nitrogen fertilization levels (control – 0, 50, 100, 150 kg N . ha–1). Material for the study included samples of grain obtained as an average for the experimental combinations. In samples of grain were determined the basic chemical composition and fiber fractions. The research indicates that there are opportunities to shape the size of nutrient levels, which determines the use of spelt grain in the food industry by agronomic factors. Higher nitrogen fertilization significantly increased content of total protein (154 g . kg–1). Cultivar and strain factor had significant effect on the content of total protein (154 g . kg–1), crude fat (19.3 g . kg–1) and crude ash (20.8 g . kg–1) as well as neutral-detergent (114 g . kg–1) and acidic-detergent dietary (33.3 g . kg–1) fiber fractions.