Wydanie 348(49)1 2019
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Pozycja Open Access Ichthology and Economic Importance of Baltic Herring in Polish Fish Industry(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Sawicki, Tomasz; Juszczak, Magda; Szymczak, Mariusz; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandFor Polish fishery herring is a common material acquired from Baltic Sea. Despite the homogeneity of this species, herring is divided for many different types due to the geographical location of each shoal. Differences in the anatomic features between the types of herring indicate many adaptation attributes to environment in which this species lives. As a result, geographical division influences on spawning season, amount of laid eggs, size of eggs and the spawning period. These attributes are related with environmental conditions of given season. Herring belongs to fat fish, what affects meat properties, processing methods and types of products that can be obtained. Spawning season decides about mass yield of herring production and sensory quality of products. Herring meat is good source of necessary unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins. The composition of herring meat indicates that it is favourable element of daily diet. Moreover, the price of this species is low in comparison to other fish. Additional benefit of the processing is, that also herring by-products find technological applications what reduces loss in fish processing industry.Pozycja Open Access Alternative Use of Mare Milk(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Romaniuk, Karolina; Majszyk-Świątek, Marta; Kryszak, Katarzyna; Danielewicz, Agata; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandMare milk, compared to the milk of other animal species used for dairy purposes, is distinguished by a wealth of bioactive substances conferring health benefits. Mare milk positively affects the human immune system and digestive system. It is rich in nutrients that have a beneficial effect on the skin and protect its cells against oxidative stress. The aim of the survey was to investigate consumer awareness of the alternative use of mare milk. The survey was conducted among students from four fields of study (bioengineering of food, dietetics, agriculture, and animal husbandry) and people with no connection to agriculture. In total, responses were obtained from 200 people. Fifty-one per cent of respondents were unaware that horses are used for dairy purposes. Mare milk is most often (60% of respondents) associated only with food for foals. The respondents’ awareness of the chemical composition of milk was low (37%). The main food product made from mare milk that was familiar to the respondents (70%) was kumis.Pozycja Open Access Dependencies Between Cattle Breed and Profitability of Raw Milk Production(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Powchowicz, Mikołaj; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to compare profitability of raw milk production in two herds, one of Jersey cows (J) and the other of Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows (PHF), owned by the same economic entity. In this study daily actual and standardised (FCM and VCM) milk yields as well as milk composition were compared between Jersey and PHF cows in terms of age groups (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Within the Jersey and PHF breeds for each year of the analysed period a balance of revenue and costs from raw milk production was prepared, while production indexes were calculated, i.e. total production cost of 1 l milk, net income from cattle production, net income from the production of 1 l milk, the value of milk production per cow and net income per cow. A more advantageous actual daily milk yield, daily milk yield expressed as FCM and VCM as well as the value of daily milk production were recorded for primiparous PHF cows in comparison to their Jersey peers. In that age group of cows in terms of milk composition, greater contents of fat, protein, solids as well as somatic cell count were found for primiparous Jersey cows. In the case of multiparous cows except for daily FCM and somatic cell count (means did not differ significantly), similar dependencies were recorded for the analysed parameters as those observed for primiparous cows. When comparing profitability indexes for raw milk production in the years 2014–2016 between the Jersey and PHF herds it was shown that in 2014 and 2015, despite lower average milk yields, net income from the production of 1 l milk was the greatest in the Jersey herd, while in 2016 a more advantageous value of this index was recorded for the PHF cows in relation to Jersey cows. In conclusion it may be stated that costs incurred for raw milk production are dependent on specific conditions in a given herd or farm, this it is a rational approach to continuously reduce outlays on milk production combined with improvement of production and functional traits in cows. If the total production costs per 1 l milk in the Jersey and the PHF herds are comparable, greater profitability of raw milk production is observed for Jersey cows. This results from the higher price for sale of milk coming from cows of this breed.Pozycja Open Access FTO and PLIN2 Genes Polymorphism in Relation to Growth Traits of Pigs(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Polasik, Daniel; Kamionka, Eva Maria; Tyra, Mirosław; Zagrobelny, Dagmara; Żak, Grzegorz; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandFTO and PLIN2 genes are considered as a markers for fat-related traits in pigs. However, high expression of these genes in muscle tissues and earlier studies suggest, that they can be also associated with growth. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze polymorphism in FTO (g.400C > G) and PLIN2 (g.98G > A) genes in relation to growth traits in pigs. The study were conducted on 578 sows including following breeds: Duroc, Hampshire, Polish Landrace, Pietrain, Puławska and Polish Large White. FTO and PLIN2 genes polymorphism was determined by use PCR-RFLP and ACRS-PCR methods respectively. Association analysis was performed for Polish Landrace, Puławska and Polish Large White separately and for joined group of 6 breeds. The results show that FTO genotypes were related only to test daily gain in Polish Large White pigs (p < 0.05). PLIN2 gene variants, however were associated with test daily gain in Polish Landrace, Puławska (p < 0.01) and joined group (p < 0.05), average daily gain in Puławska (p < 0.01), feed:gain ratio in joined group (p < 0.05) and age at slaughter and number of days on test in Puławska (p < 0.01) and joined group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively). Obtained results show that PLIN2 gene is more related to growth traits in pigs than FTO, but needs further analysis and explanation.Pozycja Open Access Water Use Efficiency and Spad Index of Fruit Trees Grown under Different Water Conditions(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Jaroszewska, Anna; Podsiadło, Cezary; Stachurska, Dorota; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik (53°20′35″N 14°58′10″E), Poland. The main goal of the study was to assess the characteristic features associated with water use efficiency and index of leaf greening of fruit trees. The experiment was designed by the randomized block method in 7 replications (one tree – one replicate) for cherry cv. ’Łutówka’, 5 replications for sweet cherry cv. ‘Vanda’, 7 replications for apple cv. ‘Rubinola’ and 4 replication for plum cv. ‘Amers’. The experimental factor was under-crown watering: 0 – control objects with no irrigation, W – irrigated objects, at the level of moisture –0.01 MPa of the water potential. Irrigated cherry and sweet cherry trees were characterized by significantly lower assimilation and transpiration intensity as well as stomatal conductance. In apple and plum cultivation, irrigation remarkably enhanced the assimilation and transpiration intensity. All tested fruit tree species grown on irrigated objects were distinguished by higher value of water use efficiency (WUE) and momentary water use efficiency (WUEI). Index of leaf greening was significantly lower for irrigated trees.Pozycja Open Access Fertilizing Ability of the Texel RaSires Thawed Sperm under Different Modes of Their Use(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Hrymak, Khrystyna; Stakh, Vovk; Sharan, Mykola; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Institute of Animal Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine; Department of Livestock, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Institute of Animal Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, UkraineThe article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of the quality of ram-sires’ thawed sperm during the breeding and non-breeding periods under different modes of using the breeders. It is established that the acrosome preservation under the mode of using the ram-sires to receive 4 ejaculates per week compared to 6 and 8 ejaculates during the nonbreeding period was higher by 3.5 and 6.0%, respectively, and by 2.5 and 5.0 percent during the breeding period. Kinetic parameters of sperm motion during both periods of seasonal activity were also higher under the mode of receiving 4 ejaculates per week by 2.6–14.0 percent on average. The fertilizing ability of thawed sperm from the first insemination of ewes under the mode of receiving 4 ejaculates per week compared to the above mentioned modes was higher by 3.2 and 7.2% during the non-breeding period, and by 7.3 and 10.6% during the breeding period; while fertility at lamb birth – by 1.7 and 3.8%, and by 1.0 and 8.1 percent, respectively.Pozycja Open Access Genome Comparative Studies in the Phasianidae Family Part II. Interspecific Amplification in thr Family Phasianidae on the Example of Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Morawska, Agnieszka; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, PolandIn studies aimed at understanding the genome of turkey, the great facilitation was the use of gene sequences and markers previously used to study the chicken genome. This was possible due to the fact that domestic chicken and wild turkey are phylogenetically related species with a common ancestor. In numerous analyses using chicken sequence, positive results of amplification of the turkey sequence were obtained, which accelerated the recognition of the genome of this species. Research aimed at the sequencing of the turkey genome used methods such as DNA microarrays, expression microarrays, identification of QTLs and candidate genes, and re-sequencing.Pozycja Open Access Indication of Mycobacteria of Mammals and Birds at the ZOO(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Gavrilina, Olena; Alekseeva, Natalia; Pozmogova, Svetlana; Kostyuk, Volodymyr; Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine; Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine; National Scientific Center «Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine», Kharkiv, Ukraine; National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineThe results of allergic, bacteriological and biochemical studies in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections of mammals and birds in the zoo of the municipal enterprise «T. H. Shevchenko park of Culture and Rest» Dnipro city are described. Comprehensive epizootic research was aimed at the exclusion of dangerous pathogenic mycobacteria. Zoological zones of pathogenic mycobacteria were not recorded in the environment and in animal organisms, but in the ground of enclosures and faeces we identified three cultures of acid-fast microorganisms, one of them was identified as M. flavescens, indicating the circulations of mycobacterial agents in internal and external environment of animal biotope of zoo.Pozycja Open Access Common Mare's Tail (Hippuris vulgaris L.) in the Assessment of Water Status and Their Phytoremediation(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Gałczyńska, Małgorzata; Milke, Justyna; Gamrat, Renata; Stoltman, Marcin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandPollution of aquatic ecosystems continues to be a problem in developed countries, resulting in a reduction in the biodiversity of organisms associated with these habitats. In many countries, macrophyte indices are used to assess surface water pollution. They apply both to determining the ecological status of lakes and rivers. The presence of aquatic plants informs, among others, on the level of water eutrophication, and the analysis of the content of metals in plants indicates the pollution of water ecosystems with metals. Failure to reach the key objective of the Water Framework Directive, i.e. good water status, by 2015 forces the search for new ways of water management, including cheap and environmentally friendly methods of treatment of contaminated and used waters. The results of research on the possibilities and limitations in the functioning of individual species of aquatic plants in polluted and used waters allow for the rational selection of plants for phytoremediation of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this review was to discuss the biological features of common mare's tail and its habitat and to determine the plant’s ability to develop in waters contaminated with biogenic compounds and metals, and to determine its ability to uptake metals measured by the effectiveness of removing contaminants. It was found that mare's tail occurs in waters with variable concentration of biogenic compounds and metals. Irrespectively of the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant growth medium, each introduction of lead, zinc, copper, manganese and iron into the plant growth medium, in quantities corresponding to the limit values for V class water quality, caused their increased uptake by mare's tail. The accumulation of these elements reflects the state of water pollution with metals. Nevertheless, water pollution with some metals causes the biomass of the plant to be reduced. Due to high efficiency of removing various impurities by mare's tail, the plant can be used in the hydrophytic systems of wastewater treatment but its best use is for the purpose of after-treatment of municipal wastewater.Pozycja Open Access The Most Common Allergic Diseases in Dogs(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Dopierała, Marta; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandAllergies affect not only people, but animals as well, including dogs. Allergic diseases are often observed in veterinary practice. There are many factors and substances in the environment around us that can cause allergic reactions. These are known as allergens. They may be of plant or animal origin, but may also be chemical compounds. Allergies in dogs have become a common topic of discussion in veterinary surgeries. Many dogs, purebred or of mixed breeds, are diagnosed for allergies. There are many reasons for the occurrence of allergies, from genetic predisposition to the environmental conditions in which the animal lives. Allergies in dogs are troublesome because when diagnosed too late or left untreated they can lead to serious health complications.Pozycja Open Access Behavioural Traits of Cats (Felis catus) - Importance for Humans(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Dmitruk, Maria; Kołdziejczyk, Dorota; Horoszewicz, Elżbieta; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandAmong companion animals, the behaviour of the cat is least known and understood. For years it has been a mystery to many people. It is difficult to correctly assess and read a cat’s facial expressions, tail movements and perception of the world. Increasing attention is being paid to developing proper relationships with animals and improving our understanding of their language. This study describes the body language of cats, with particular focus on the expression of the emotional states of these popular pets.Pozycja Open Access The Relationship Between Polymorphism in PPARGC1A Gene and Confirmation Traits of Salers Cows Breed(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Kowalewska-Łuczak, Inga; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe study analysed two SNP polymorphisms located in intron 9 (1892T>C) and the 3'UTR (3359A>C) region of the PPARGC1A gene (GenBank accession number AY321517). The research was conducted in a salers cattle herd. Identification of genotypes of individual individuals was carried out using PCR-RFLP. The CC and AA genotype determined the largest body mass of the analysed animals. Other traits such as cows' habit, muscularity, cross height and chest circumference were most favourable for heterozygous CT individuals concerning the PPARGC1A/HaeIII polymorphism. When analysing the relationship between PPARGC1A/NheI polymorphism and cow habitat characteristics, the genotype was the most beneficial CC. The results obtained were not confirmed statistically.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of Equine Behavior Patern of Recreational and Sport Horses Under Saddle Utilization(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Cieśla, Angelika; Pluta, Michał; Kostrzewska, Emilia; Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Animal Assisted Therapy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Science in Lublin, Poland; Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Animal Assisted Therapy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to analyze the behavior of recreational and sport horses in three different seasons of their riding use. The observations included 15 geldings and mares, in that 9 horses used for recreation and 6 sport horses used in jumping over an obstacle (L-C class). The horses were managed in the same environmental conditions, in the same riding center. The observations of horse behavioral responses were carried out three times, i.e. observation I – before the summer season, observation II – during the holiday time, observation III – beyond the summer season which is the period of the lowest workload of horses used for leisure (December). Horse behavior pattern was assessed towards mounting a horse by a rider, tighten the girth as well as aids-related responses, reaction to bending and finally, jumping over an obstacle. Besides, the behavior of horses used for recreational activities was evaluated when a rider was working the horse on the lunge line. The equine behavior pattern was assessed on the scale of 1 to 3 points, when 1 pt meant the undesirable, negative refusal to perform a task, aggressive tendencies, 2 pt – accteptable reaction, small signs of disobedience or anxiety, pinned back ears, wagging tail showing irritation, delayed reaction to the aids etc., whereas 3 pts desirable behavior, willing to execute tasks, displaying full acceptance of aids, etc. It was found that sport horses showed better behavior in the range of the parameters evaluated. The horses used for recreation purposes earned significantly lower scores for the behavior at the extended working time, that is during the holiday season when average working time length was 3.58 h/day. There was observed a significant correlation between the working time of horses used for leisure in the summer period and the behavior scores. The worse scores obtained by the leisure horses were most probably the effect of carrying a higher number of riders of different skills levels and the extended working time.Pozycja Open Access Metal Nanoparticles - Their Use and Impact on Plants Growing in Laboratory Conditions(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Bednarek, Martyna; Mgłosiek, Oktawia; Kulpa, Danuta; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThere is an increasing interest in nanotechnology all around the world. Nanoparticles differ from the classic material from which they are made in that they change their physical and chemical properties below certain sizes. Thanks to these properties, they are used both in scientific research, medicine and industry, and in recent years also in agriculture. Depending on the type of metal and size of the particules, however, their impact on plant development varies.There are different reports concerning the impact of nanoparticles on the growth and development of plants. In this paper, we gather the knowledge acquired up to now on the interactions of specified nanoparticles – of gold, silver, copper and platinum with plants cultivated in laboratory conditions. The existing research does not allow us to determine unequivocally what impact nanometals have on the plants. The properties that make them unique may have both a negative and positive impact on plants. In a great deal of research, the impact of the nanoparticles on the decrease of the plants’ growth and formation of sorter shoots and roots was observed. A high concentration of nanoparticles was also decreasing the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates. The contact of plants with nanoparticles was also manifesting itself by an increased oxidative stress, as a result of which in plant tissues, an over-production of reactive oxygen species damaging lipids of the cell membrane and the DNA was observed. A slower regeneration of plants and their dieback was frequently observed in the case of the addition of nanoparticles to nutrient mediums in the in vitro cultures. By carrying out a series of research with the use of nanoparticles, researchers concluded that their appropriate concentrations may be used in order to improve seed germination, increase growth and plant production as well as their protection and improvement of production of bioactive compounds.