FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2023
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Pozycja Open Access Application of cannabidiol (CBD) in the pharmacotherapy of dogs and cats(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2024-03-01) Skiba, Sergiusz; Kiraga , Łukasz; Crowley , Kijan; Miszczuk , Edyta; Jank, Michał; Chłopecka, Magdalena; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Deprtment of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Med icine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Deprtment of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Med icine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Deprtment of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Med icine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Deprtment of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Med icine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Deprtment of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Med icine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Deprtment of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Med icine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, PolandCannabinoids are a group of organic chemical compounds that affect the endocannabinoid system. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biochemical system responsible for regulating many physiological and cognitive functions. It consists of endogenous cannabinoids, enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis and biodegradation of endogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2). It regulates cognitive processes in the central nervous system, as well as the functioning of the immune system and the proper course of the inflammatory reaction. There are three groups of canna binoids: endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids. Phytocannabinoids are obtained mainly for medical purposes from hemp inflorescences (Cannabis sativa). There are over 100 cannabinoids that have been isolated from Cannabis sativa tissues, the most well-known of which are: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol, cannabigerol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabidivarin, cannabichromene. The widespread use of phytocannabinoids in medicine is limited by the possibility of undesirable psychoactive side effects, mainly due to one compound – THC. Unlike THC, CBD is devoid of psychogenic properties, which significantly affects the safety of therapy and does not generate legal problems. Hemp inflorescence extracts are successfully used in the treatment of many diseases in humans, although the use of hemp preparations in veterinary medicine has been unknown for many years. However, they have found documented use in the treatment of degenerative joint diseases, epilepsy, and behavioral disorders. This work aims to systematize and summarize the available knowledge on the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of canine and feline diseases.Pozycja Open Access Arthrospira - Nutritional Value, Health-promoting Properties and Possible Use as an Additive in Dog Nutrition. A Review(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Kazimierska, Katarzyna; Kępińska-Pacelik, Jagoda; Biel, Wioletta; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Szczecin, PolandArthrospira (Arthrospira platensis, trade name spirulina) is commonly called “green meat” due to its high protein content (up to about 80% of dry matter). It is used in many countries as an additive in human and animal nutrition because of its high nutritional value. Arthrospira protein is of high quality due to the optimal composition of exogenous amino acids. Additionally, Arthrospira is a good source of fatty acids (including GLA, EPA, and DHA). It is used in formulas for complete and complementary pet foods. It can be a valuable source of complete protein for dogs. Its addition can significantly delay the process of lipid oxidation and reduce the number of undesirable microorganisms in the product. The pro-health properties of Arthrospira have been demonstrated in numerous scientific studies, including its effects on hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and viral infections. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritional values, health-promoting properties and the possibility of using Arthrospira as an additive in dog nutrition, based on a review of scientific literature.Pozycja Open Access Bladder Stones in a Nine Years Old Female Dog - Case Report(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Jundziłł-Bogusiewicz, Paulina; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life SciencesA nine years old female dog, crossbreed, spayed admitted to a veterinary clinic with a urinary tract problem. Symptoms have been grown slowly over six months. The dog was behaved normally at home, showing no pain. In the clinic the dog had ultrasonography of the abdominal cavity, the bladder wall was thickened, no other shading structures were found. It was deciding to do a diagnostic laparotomy. As a result of surgery, 4 stones were removed from the bladder. Oval stones with blunt edges, reached about 2 cm in diameter. Often non-specific symptoms may go unnoticed for a long time by the owner, and when the dog get to the veterinary clinic we can only chirurgic remove the stones. Especially, if urolithiasis is sterile urolithiasis and fills the entire bladder.Pozycja Open Access Characteristics of the MC1R Gene as a Locus e Affecting Coat Color in Dog(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Kowalewska, Inga; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe color of dogs is the result of various genes that control the pigmentation of the coat mainly. There are many genes that influence the color, pattern and distribution of fur in dogs, one of which is the gene encoding the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as the E locus. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a protein that plays a key role in the regulation of skin, hair and eye pigmentation in animals. This receptor is responsible for the processing of peptide hormones that control the production of melanin, which is the pigment of the skin and fur. Mutations within this gene can affect the color of animals, including dogs. The main alleles identified and described for the E locus are: E (wild type), E^M (melanistic mask) and e (recessive red); they are widespread in various dog breeds, indicating that they existed at an early stage in the formation of individual breed groups. The other identified alleles are less common and are: E^G (grizzle/domino), e^2 (only among Australian Cattle Dogs and their crossbreds) and e^3 (only among Siberian Huskies and their crossbreds), e^A (ancient red) allele and the allele E^H (only among English Cocker Spaniels and American Cocker Spaniels). Of course, it’s important to remember that dog color is a complex genetic phenomenon that can be controlled by many different genes working together, and that the variety of coat colors in different dog breeds results from a combination of these genes.Pozycja Open Access Comparative Studies of Reproductive and Meat Performance of the Local Breed of Polish Red Cattle against the Background of the Limousine Breed of Polish and French Heritage(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Wiśniewski, Konrad; Kuczyńska , Beata; Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, PolandThe aim of the study was to compare of the reproductive and meat performance of meat breeds, such as the local Polish Red cattle and the Limousine cattle breed, which is dominant in Poland. The examined individuals of the Limousine breed, which were divided into two groups depending on the origin of the parents, the so-called Polish and French. The criterion for assigning the animals to the group of Polish origin was that the tested bulls did not have in their pedigree a descendant of the French line for two generations. Three groups of fatteners with 138 Polish Red bulls and 447 French and 478 Polish Limousin bulls were used to assess meat performance. All animals were kept in an extensive production system, using the pasture at will throughout the year, during the so-called peak season. At the end, they were fed additionally with haylage and concentrated feed. Reproductive parameters (type of calving and viability of calves) were assessed in 348 Polish Limousin cows, 367 French cows and 289 Polish Red cows. Calves were observed and measured throughout their life cycle from birth to slaughter. In the assessment of the utility value of meat, reference features were taken into account, e.g. body weight after calving, body weight at 210 and 420 days of age and gains, height at withers and chest circumference, and conformation assessment. The PRC group showed significantly greater ease of calving and vitality of calves compared to both groups of limousines. Calf and adult body weight measurements at 210 and 420 days were significantly higher in French Limousine cattle. Differences in body weight and gain were significant. There was a slight difference in height between Polish and French bulls. Native breed cattle were characterized by very good reproductive parameters and satisfactory meat performance characteristics in relation to the use of grassland fodder. Beef producers can be successfully recommended to use Polish Red cattle for meat purposes in an extensive production system.Pozycja Open Access Computed tomographic, ultrasonographic and radiographic features of caprine congenital goiter and normal thyroid gland in 2-month-old goats(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Pankowski, Filip; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, PolandGoiter, that is enlargement of the thyroid gland, is one of the most common symptoms of thyroid disease in goats. It is usually caused by an iodine deficiency in the diet or the consumption of goitrogenic substances, less often by genetic factors. The development of diagnostic imaging in veterinary medicine and the increasing tendency of animal owners to perform imaging examinations create the need to describe diseases and normal organs in these examinations. The aim of the study was to present the ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT) and radiographic features of the congenital goiter and the normal thyroid gland in 2-month-old goats. The study was conducted on 18 female goats. Basic diagnostic imaging features of the thyroid gland, such as size, shape, echogenicity, echostructure and density were described. The thyroid gland with congenital goiter showed heterogeneous echostructure and reduced or normal echogenicity on US, reduced density on CT and soft tissue enlargement in the cranial neck area on radiography. Normal thyroid gland in 2-month-old goats on US had mean dimensions of 16 mm × 7 mm × 3.8 mm, homogeneous echostructure and echogenicity higher than the surrounding muscles. On CT, it had mean dimensions of 16.4 mm × 7.7 mm × 4.6 mm and mean density of 80.5 Hounsfield units (HU), while on radiography it couldn’t be differentiated from the surrounding soft tissues. US and CT enable visualization of the thyroid gland and can be used to diagnose congenital goiter in goats. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of diagnostic imaging of the caprine thyroid gland.Pozycja Open Access Effect of lactation number and average daily milk yield in complete lactation on the dry period length of Polish Holstein -Friesian cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Salamończyk, Ewa; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Siedlce, PolanThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of average daily milk yield in complete lactation and lactation number in cows producing at least 8,500 kg of milk in 305-day lactation on the length of the dry period before the next lactation. A total of 1,965 complete, extended lactations in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows subject to use value assessment were analysed. The average complete-lactation daily milk yield was shown to influence the length of the dry period. The average dry period length was 44 days. Dry period length decreased in successive milk-yield groups, from 50 days (average daily yield up to 25 kg of milk) to 28 days (average daily yield over 35 kg in complete lactation). Thus it was confirmed that as milk yield increased, it was more difficult to end lactation. The shortest dry period (only 25 days) was recorded in the youngest cows (second and third lactation) with the highest average daily milk yield in complete lactation (>35 kg). In the oldest cows, i.e. those in their sixth lactation and higher, no statistically significant differences were shown in the length of the dry period depending on daily yieldPozycja Open Access Effect of polymorphisms in exon 8 of the PPARGC1A gene on milk production traits in cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Śpiewak, Magdalena; Kowalewska, Inga; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe objective of this study was to investigate associations between genotypes of polymorphisms in exon 8 of the PPARGC1A gene and milk production traits in dairy cattle. The study was conducted in a herd of 959 Polish Holstein-Friesian of the black and white cows kept in western Poland. In this study, three polymorphisms within exon 8 of the PPARGC1A gene were analyzed: rs445204772, rs109164431 and rs133669403 and they are responsible for two missense and one synonymous type mutations. All cows were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. The PPARGC1A polymorphisms that were studied had the following major allele frequencies: rs445204772 – allele A 0.523; rs109164431 – allele C 0.607 and rs133669403 – allele A 0.546. Statistical analysis was aimed at estimating the effect of individual genotypes on milk performance traits such as milk, protein, and fat yield as well as protein and fat content in milk. For rs445204772 polymorphism, a statistically significant effect on milk yield (P ≤ 0.05) and fat content (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) was observed. Polymorphism rs109164431 significantly (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) affected milk, fat, and protein yield as well as milk fat content. In the case of polymorphism rs133669403, it was found that it affects to a different degree (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) most of the analyzed milk performance traits. The obtained results may contribute to the state of knowledge regarding the identification of the most important SNPs that could be used for the selection of marker assisted dairy cattle.Pozycja Open Access The Effect of Selected Factors on Rearing Performance of Charolais Calves(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected factors on rearing performance of Charolais calves to day 90 of life. The experimental material comprised 83 Charolais cows calving in the winter and spring seasons and calves they reared (84 head) to day 90 of life. All calves born by the experimental females were weighed at birth and then at days 30, 60 and 90 of life. Calves were also subjected to zoometric measurements. Their height at sacrum and width at hips were measured at days 10 and 30 of life. The increments for height at sacrum and width at hips between day 10 and 30 of life were calculated for the calves. Rearing indexes of the calves were assessed in terms of calf sex (heifer vs. bull calves), calving season (winter vs. spring), successive calving of the cow (1, 2, 3 and >3), parturition type (normal vs. dystocia), body condition of the cow after calving (good vs. poor). It was shown that rearing performance of Charolais calves to day 90 of life was significantly affected by their sex, calving season, parturition type and body condition of the dam during calving. The most advantageous results for the assessed rearing parameters of Charolais calves to day 90 of life were recorded for male animals born in the winter season coming from normal births and produced by dams in good body condition during parturition.Pozycja Open Access The effect of share of components in the mixture and harvest date on calcium and magnesium content of mixtures of field pea and spring triticale in sustainable agriculture(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Górski, Rafał; Płaza, Anna; Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Ignacy Mościcki University of Applied Sciences in Ciechanów, Ciechanów, Poland; Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandThe cultivation of mixtures of legumes and cereals contributes to biodiversity and can pro vide good-quality roughage for direct feeding of livestock. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the share of components in a mixture of pea and spring triticale and the timing of har vesting on the calcium and magnesium content of green mass. The field experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 and two factors were studied: I. The proportion of components in the mixture: field pea – 100%, spring triticale – 100%, field pea 75% + spring triticale 25%, field pea 50% + spring triticale 50%, field pea 25% + spring triticale 75%. II. Harvesting date: flowering stage of field pea, flat green pod stage of field pea. The highest content of calcium and magnesium was found in field pea, while among the mixtures, in the one with 75% of field pea and 25% of spring triticale. A higher content of the mineral elements in question was found in mixtures harvested at the field pea flowering stage compared with mixtures harvested at the stage of the flat green pod of field pea. Due to the mass relationship between macronutrients, the green mass of mixtures of pea and spring triticale should not be the only feed for livestockPozycja Open Access Effect of shorter or longer exposure to artificial lighting of pregnant mink (Neovison vison) on their reproductive performance(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Felska-Błaszczyk, Lidia; Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the length of the period of artificial lighting of mink on their reproductive performance. The experiment was carried out on a mink farm in West Pomerania, Poland. Reproduction data of 1068 one-year-old female mink of the silverblue strain were analyzed. All females were in selection classes 7 and 8 and were mated four times, first between the 1st and 10th of March. Females were illuminated during pregnancy with artificial light such that the light day was 17 hours per day. Females were divided into two groups – one group was illuminated from March 20 to April 17, and the other from March 20 to May 15. The following reproductive indices were analyzed in relation to the length of illumination: length of diapause and gestation, litter size, number of live-born and weaned young per litter, percentage of barren females, percentage of females dead during gestation and lactation, and average length of lactation in which females died. Artificially illuminated females were characterized by longer diapause, longer gestation, larger litters, but they had higher mortality of young during maternal nursing. It was also found that females with shorter lactation reared slightly more young, and were characterized by a lower percentage of barren females and females dying during pregnancy and lactation. The analysis conducted in this study confirmed the period of illumination of pregnant mink until April 17 is sufficient in terms of reproductive performance of the females.Pozycja Open Access Evaluation of reproductive performance, growth, slaughter traits and meat quality of black-and-tan rabbits kept in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2024-03-01) Siudak, Zuzanna; Pałka, Sylwia; National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Small Livestock Breeding, Balice, Poland; University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Kraków, PolandRabbit is a highly adaptable animal, but far-reaching animal improvement, and the use of additives in the form of antibiotics and growth promoters, has resulted in the production of overgrown, often unhealthy individuals. It would be impossible to keep them in a backyard environment or on the increasingly popular organic farms. Hence, less popular rabbit breeds that can provide livestock on farms with extensive production systems are being sought. Literature reports suggest that a breed worthy of consideration is the Tan breed. Scientific studies comparing rearing, fattening and slaugh ter performance of Black-and-Tan rabbits with New Zealand White rabbits do not indicate that the Black-and-Tan breed is inferior in these traits. The meat obtained from Black-and-Tan rabbits is also of high quality, comparable to that attributed to rabbits of typical meat breeds. In addition, Black-and-Tan rabbits can be a valuable component for commercial crossbreeding, significantly improving the rearing results, slaughter performance and meat quality of the crosses.Pozycja Open Access Evaluation of the Guality of Green Fodder Obtained from Mixtures of Narrowleaf Lupin with Spring Triticale(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Górski, Rafał; Płaza, Anna; Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Ignacy Mościcki State University of Applied Sciences in Ciechanów, Ciechanów, Poland; Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Siedlce, PolandThe aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the share of components in the mixture of narrowleaf lupin with spring triticale and the harvest stage on the quality of green fodder for livestock. Two factors were analysed in a three-year experiment: Share of components in the mixture at sowing narrowleaf lupin + spring triticale (seed·m−2): 120 + 0, 90 + 150, 60 + 300, 30 + 450, 0 + 600, harvesting stage: I – narrowleaf lupin flowering stage, II – narrowleaf lupin flat green pod stage. The most favourable quality of green fodder was obtained from narrowleaf lupine, while among the mixtures from the mixture with the highest share of narrowleaf lupine at seed sowing. These crops were characterised by the lowest concentration of crude fibre and its fractions and the highest digestibility, dry matter intake and relative feed value. The harvesting of mixtures at the narrowleaf lupin flowering stage proved to be more favourable in terms of the quality of the green fodder obtained. In order to obtain valuable fodder for livestock, the cultivation of mixtures with a seed share at sowing of 90 + 150 of narrow-leafed lupine and spring triticale, respectively, should be recommended.Pozycja Open Access Genetic Aspects of Lactose Synthesis in Dairy Cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Śpiewak , Magdalena; Kowalewska, Inga; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandMarket requirements, dictated by the growing needs of consumers, make it necessary to conduct breeding works to improve the performance characteristics of farm animals. The effectiveness of the breeding goal depends on both the genotype of the animals and the environmental conditions. Genomic selection using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is increasingly used in the selection and evaluation of dairy cattle breeds. In recent years, many experiments have been carried out to determine the relationship between the occurrence of the genotype and performance traits of livestock. The analysis of milk composition carried out so far focused mainly on such milk production traits as milk yield (kg), fat yield (kg), fat content (%), protein yield (kg) and protein content (%). So far, no largescale experiments have been carried out to test the content of lactose in milk and evaluate possible relationships with other milk performance traits. Lactose synthesis in the epithelial cells of the mammary gland serves as a major factor influencing milk volume production. Due to that conducting such an analysis seems to be beneficial for milk producers for economic reasons. An additional advantage may be the use of the obtained results in marker-assisted selection (MAS). The present review summarizes knowledge about lactose synthesis by covering and linking several aspects of cow’s milk.Pozycja Open Access Grain yield and morphological characteristics of spring triticale plants as affected by cultivar as well as multinutrient fertiliser type and rate(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Rzążewska, Emilia; Gąsiorowska, Barbara; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce, Poland; Vocational State School of Ignacy Mościcki in Ciechanów, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Ciechanów, PolandA field experiment was conducted in Borki-Wyrki, Zbuczyn Gmina (commune), from 2017 to 2019. The objective was to assess yield performance and morphological characteristics of two spring triticale cultivars as affected by multinutrient fertiliser type and rate, the fertilisers being Polifoska 6 and Polifoska Krzem. Three experimental factors were tested: spring triticale cultivar – Milewo and Dublet, mineral fertiliser type – Polifoska 6 and Polifoska Krzem, and mineral fertiliser rate –0 kg∙ha−1, 140 kg∙ha−1, 280 kg∙ha−1, 420 kg∙ha−1. Spring triticale plant development and yield performance were significant affected by experimental factors, that is cultivar, fertiliser type and rate, were shown to influence these characteristics. Superior yields were produced by cv. Dublet compared with cv. Milewo. Cultivars fertilised with Polifoska Krzem produced higher grain yields than Polifoska 6. An increase in fertiliser rate was followed by higher grain yields. Spring triticale cultivar as well as multi-nutrient fertiliser type and rate significantly affected ear length. Significantly longer ears were developed by cv. Milewo. Longer ears were developed by cereal plants fertilised with Polifoska 6. Similarly, higher fertiliser rates had a beneficial effect on ear length. Fertiliser rate contributed to a significant increase in plant height compared with unamended control. Cv. Milewo plants were significantly higher than cv. Dublet plants.Pozycja Open Access Interactions between Light Intensity and Drought Stress and their Influence on the Growth of Wheat Seedlings(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Matuszak-Slamani, Renata; Ulan, Maciej; Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandIn this paper, wheat seedlings were exposed to different levels of photon flux density (PFD) and drought stress. Seedlings of the wheat cv. Goplana were cultivated in controlled conditions in a miniphytotrone and exposed to three different photosynthetic photon flux densities (400, 800, and 1200 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1) and drought stress (a water potential of −0.6 MPa). The Hoagland’s solution-treated seedlings served as a control. The fresh and dry matter of the overground parts and roots, relative chlorophyll concentration, electrical conductivity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. Drought stress decreased the biomass of wheat seedlings, cv. Goplana. Higher intensities of photosynthetically active irradiation stimulated biomass growth both under control conditions and under drought stress. Drought and higher PFD intensity resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll content. Only the highest light intensity, together with drought stress, negatively affected the structure of cell membranes, increasing their permeability. Both of the applied stress factors did not cause significant changes in the values of the determined parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of wheat seedlings. These results suggest that the increase in light intensity has a mobilising effect on the plant, stimulating the development of biomass both under control conditions and under drought stress. No changes in the values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under the influence of different light intensities and drought stress may indicate that there were no significant disturbances in the course of the light phase of photosynthesis in the leaves of the tested seedlings.Pozycja Open Access Management and monitoring of plant protection products in agriculture with regard to human and animal health(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2024-03-01) Pilarczyk, Maria; Konodyba-Rorat, Bogna; Faculty of Management, Częstochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland; Faculty of Management, Częstochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, PolandThe management and monitoring of plant protection products in agriculture involve the proper application of these products in appropriate doses and timings, monitoring their effectiveness, and minimizing their negative impact on the environment. Human health and environmental safety depend on the decisions made by farmers who use plant protection products in their production. In Poland, chemical agents are the most used tools for crop protection in the field. The European Union has very strict regulations and legal frameworks aimed at safeguarding human and animal health as well as the environment. There are specific regulations concerning the registration, application, sale, and monitoring of plant protection products under the EU’s policy. Relevant regulations and legal acts govern the permissible levels of plant protection product residues in food. Proper management of these products at the legislative level and during their application will contribute to reducing their adverse effects on human and animal health.Pozycja Open Access Molecular diagnostic tests identifying carriers of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 gene mutations causing cystinuria in domestic catin Silico analysis(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Kałuska, Joanna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Scientific Association of Experimental and Laboratory Animals, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, PolandCystinuria is an inherited genetic disease associated with mutations in the SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genes. The results of studies in cats indicate heterogeneity of the disease. So far 1 mutation in the SLC3A1 gene and 5 mutations in the SLC7A9 gene have been discovered. Cystinuria is often detected too late (later in life), when adults have already had offspring. Quick and easy diagnosis of the disease is therefore important, even before the symptoms appear. The aim of this study was to design simple diagnostic tests to detect 6 mutations that can cause feline cystinuria. Bioinformatic analysis of the linkage of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 with other proteins was performed and attempts were made to evaluate the structural and functional changes that occur due to mutations. The following programs and databases were used in the bioinformatics analysis: Ensembl, NCBI, Primer-BLAST, NEBcutter, STRING, SWISS-MODEL, Variant Effect Predictor (VEP). The proposed primers and en zymes for PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR assays enable the identification of mutation carriers. Identified proteins interactions suggest possible links between cystinuria and the development of other diseases. This may indirectly explain the heterogeneous and complex symptoms accompanying cystinuria. A mutation in exon 5 of the SLC7A9 gene (p.Asp236Asn) causes a change in the predicted spatial conformation of the protein. Using the VEP program, the effect of all mutations on protein functionality was assessed as deleterious. It is imperative that cat breeders first perform a molecular test for the mutation of the SLC7A9 gene (exon 7 at position c.881), as previous studies have shown that this is the most common mutation.Pozycja Open Access Monitoring of dogs breeds and monitoring of off-leash dog-parks in the Mokotów district in Warsaw(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Lewandowska, Agata; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, PolandThe domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the most popular human companion, also in Poland. Among recognized by FCI dog breeds, there are those that are more popular. In order to meet the needs of owners and their dogs, dog-parks were created. Sometimes they are controversial. The aim of monitoring is to determine the population of dogs in the study area and to evaluate the dog-parks and their use by dog owners. 14 places were selected for monitoring in the Mokotów district: 6 dog-parks and 8 parks. The respondents to the survey were dog keepers and owners. A survey was conducted for dog owners in Warsaw and active monitoring of parks, green spaces and dog-park in the Mokotów district. The survey results showed that the most frequently owning type of dog is the Mongrel. The vast majority of respondents declare that they do not use dog-parks. The results of active monitoring of the dog population also showed that the most frequently owned type of dog is the Mongrel. From purebred dogs, sequentially: Yorkshire Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, Labrador Retriever, next Golden Retriever. Parks for dogs in the Mokotów district are fenced or designated spaces, enriched with equipment that activates caregivers and their pets. 2 of the 6 dog-areas selected for obser vation have been permanently removed. Both facilities were located in a residential area. Dog-parks are most often used as places for free explorations of dogs, without leash. In most of the observations, no dog-owner activity was observed.Pozycja Open Access Monitoring Proposal of the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Wróblewski , Paweł; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, PolandInvasive alien species are one of the major problems in Polish fauna and flora. They can displace native species and cause economic losses. Such animals as red swamp crayfish have a wide tolerance to changing living conditions, which means that their range of occurrence increases over time. The current area of red swamp crayfish in Poland includes several locations, but reports indicate that this species inhabits many other reservoirs. It is very important that the red swamp crayfish population is regularly monitored, which may limit the number of this crustacean in Polish waters.